Table 29 Grading valve disease adapted from echocardiography [39,41]

Aortic stenosis

Peak velocity [m/s]

<3

3-4

>4

Orifice area [cm²]

>1.5

1.0-1.5

<1.0

Orifice area /BSA [cm²/m²]

<0.6

Aortic regurgitation

Regurgitant volume [ml/beat]

<30

30-59

≥60

Regurgitant fraction [%]

<30

30-49

≥50

Regurgitant orifice area [cm²]

<0.10

0.10-0.29

≥0.30

Mitral stenosis

Peak velocity [m/s]

<1.2

1.2-2.2

>2.2

Orifice area [cm²]

>1.5

1.0-1.5

<1.0

Mitral regurgitation

Regurgitant volume [ml/beat]

<30

30-59

≥60

Regurgitant fraction [%]

<30

30-49

≥50

Regurgitant orifice area [cm²]

<0.20

0.20-0.39

≥0.40

Pulmonary stenosis

Peak velocity [m/s]

<3

3-4

>4

Orifice area [cm²]

<1

Pulmonary regurgitation

Regurgitant volume [ml/beat]

<30

30-40

>40

Regurgitant fraction [%]

<25

20-35

>35

Tricuspid stenosis

Orifice area [cm²]

<1.0