Reference ranges (“normal values”) for cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in adults and children: 2020 update

Table 15 Left atrial diameter and area in the adult for men and women, bSSFP technique

Parameter	Men				Women
Parameter	n	Mean_p	SD_p	LL–UL^f	n	Mean_p	SD_p	LL–UL^f
Max. LA area 2Ch (cm²)^a	60	21	5	12–30	60	19	5	10–28
Max. LA area 2Ch/BSA (cm²/m²)^a	60	11	2	6–16	60	11	2	6–16
Max. LA area 3Ch (cm²)^a	60	19	4	12–26	60	17	4	10–24
Max. LA area 3Ch/BSA (cm²/m²)^a	60	10	2	6–14	60	10	2	6–14
Max. LA area 4Ch (cm²)^b	233	23	5	13–32	173	21	4	13–29
Max. LA area 4Ch/BSA (cm²/m²)^b	233	12	2	7–16	195	12	2	8–15
Max. LA longitudinal diameter 2Ch (cm)^c	185	4.9	0.7	3.5–6.2	181	4.6	0.7	3.3–5.9
Max. LA longitudinal diameter 2Ch/BSA (cm/m²)^c	185	2.6	0.5	1.6–3.6	181	2.8	0.6	1.6–3.9
Max. LA transverse diameter 2Ch (cm)^d	126	4.4	0.6	3.2–5.6	129	4.3	0.5	3.3–5.2
Max. LA transverse diameter 2Ch/BSA (cm/m²)^d	126	2.4	0.3	1.7–3.0	129	2.7	0.3	2.2–3.2
Max. LA longitudinal diameter 3Ch (cm)^e	66	5.5	0.6	4.2–6.8	69	5.4	0.7	4.0–6.7
Max. LA longitudinal diameter 3Ch/BSA (cm/m²)^e	66	3.2	0.4	2.4–4.0	69	3.6	0.5	2.7–4.6
Max. LA antero-posterior diameter 3Ch (cm)^c	185	3.0	0.5	2.0–4.0	181	3.0	0.5	2.0–4.0
Max. LA antero-posterior diameter 3Ch/BSA (cm/m²)^c	185	1.6	0.3	1.0–2.2	181	1.8	0.4	1.1–2.5
Max. LA longitudinal diameter 4Ch (cm)^d	126	5.8	0.6	4.6–7.1	129	5.5	0.6	4.2–6.8
Max. LA longitudinal diameter 4Ch/BSA (cm/m²)^d	126	3.2	0.4	2.3–4.1	129	3.5	0.5	2.5–4.4
Max. LA transverse diameter 4Ch (cm)^c	185	4.3	0.5	3.3–5.3	181	4.1	0.5	3.1–5.1
Max. LA transverse diameter 4Ch/BSA (cm/m²)^c	185	2.2	0.3	1.6–2.9	181	2.5	0.4	1.8–3.2

n number of study subjects included in the weighted mean values, bSSFP balanced steady-state free precession, mean_p pooled weighted mean, SD_p pooled standard deviation, LL lower limit, UL upper limit, Max. maximal, LA left atrial, 2Ch 2 chamber view, 3Ch 3 chamber view, 4Ch 4 chamber view, BSA body surface area
^aValues from reference [31]
^bPooled weighted values from references [18, 31]
^cPooled weighted values from references [31, 33, 35]
^dPooled weighted values from references [31, 33]
^eValues from reference [33]
^fCalculated as mean_p ± 2*SD_p

ISSN: 1532-429X