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Table 53 LMS parameters to calculate z-scores for distensibility of the ascending aorta relative to age in children according to reference [92]

From: Reference ranges (“normal values”) for cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in adults and children: 2020 update

Age (years)

Male (n = 30)

Female (n = 41)

L

M

S

L

M

S

 < 1

 − 0.1879

12.3602

0.3680

 − 0.0721

12.7303

0.2388

1

 − 0.1879

11.9220

0.3680

 − 0.0721

12.5028

0.2396

2

 − 0.1879

11.4838

0.3680

 − 0.0721

12.2753

0.2403

3

 − 0.1879

11.0456

0.3680

 − 0.0721

12.0477

0.2411

4

 − 0.1879

10.6075

0.3680

 − 0.0721

11.8176

0.2419

5

 − 0.1879

10.1700

0.3680

 − 0.0721

11.5817

0.2427

6

 − 0.1879

9.7343

0.3680

 − 0.0721

11.3421

0.2435

7

 − 0.1879

9.2990

0.3680

 − 0.0721

11.1121

0.2443

8

 − 0.1879

8.8602

0.3680

 − 0.0721

10.9051

0.2451

9

 − 0.1879

8.4151

0.3680

 − 0.0721

10.7290

0.2459

10

 − 0.1879

7.9776

0.3680

 − 0.0721

10.5679

0.2467

11

 − 0.1879

7.5683

0.3680

 − 0.0721

10.3851

0.2474

12

 − 0.1879

7.2051

0.3680

 − 0.0721

10.1582

0.2482

13

 − 0.1879

6.9030

0.3680

 − 0.0721

9.8884

0.2490

14

 − 0.1879

6.6697

0.3680

 − 0.0721

9.5911

0.2498

15

 − 0.1879

6.5089

0.3680

 − 0.0721

9.2905

0.2506

16

 − 0.1879

6.4138

0.3680

 − 0.0721

9.0033

0.2514

17

 − 0.1879

6.3729

0.3680

 − 0.0721

8.7345

0.2522

18

 − 0.1879

6.3745

0.3680

 − 0.0721

8.4850

0.2529

19

 − 0.1879

6.4062

0.3680

 − 0.0721

8.2574

0.2537

20

 − 0.1879

6.4551

0.3680

 − 0.0721

8.0546

0.2545

21

 − 0.1879

6.5111

0.3680

 − 0.0721

7.8749

0.2553

22

 − 0.1879

6.5646

0.3680

 − 0.0721

7.7106

0.2561

23

 − 0.1879

6.6062

0.3680

 − 0.0721

7.5479

0.2569

24

 − 0.1879

6.6277

0.3680

 − 0.0721

7.3842

0.2577

25

 − 0.1879

6.6242

0.3680

 − 0.0721

7.2113

0.2584

26

 − 0.1879

6.5975

0.3680

 − 0.0721

7.0343

0.2592

27

 − 0.1879

6.5577

0.3680

 − 0.0721

6.8647

0.2600

28

 − 0.1879

6.5116

0.3680

 − 0.0721

6.6951

0.2608

29

 − 0.1879

6.4643

0.3680

 − 0.0721

6.5250

0.2616

30

 − 0.1879

6.4170

0.3680

 − 0.0721

6.3550

0.2624

  1. Distensibility was calculated based on measurements of the aortic area at systole and diastole on cross sectional cine gradient echo images obtained perpendicular to the axis of the ascending thoracic aorta.
  2. LMS, L = Lambda (skewness of the distribution), M = Mu (median), S = Sigma (variance).
  3. z-score = [(X/M)L – 1] / (L*S), where X is the measured aortic distensibility in 10–3 mm Hg−1 and L, M and S are the values interpolated for the child’s age; lower and upper limits correspond to a z-score of -2 and 2.
  4. n number of study subjects.
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Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance

ISSN: 1532-429X

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