Table 4 4D flow CMR characteristics of patients with different degrees of left ventricular (LV) systolic impairment
4D Flow Parameters | Preserved LVEF (n = 11) | Mild (n = 24) | Moderate (n = 9) | Severe (n = 6) | ANOVA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
KE parameters (normalised for LVEDV) | |||||
LV R-R (μJ/ml) | 11.1 ± 2.9 | 9.2 ± 2.8 | 8.7 ± 1.6 | 7.8 ± 1.8 | 0.06 |
Minimal (μJ/ml) | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 1.4 ± 1.2 | 1.1 ± 0.6 | 1.5 ± 0.8 | 0.67 |
Average systolic (μJ/ml) | 14.1 ± 3.4 | 10.9 ± 3.7 | 8.0 ± 2.4 | 8.3 ± 2.0 | 0.01 |
Systolic in-plane (%) | 39 ± 8 | 42 ± 8 | 50 ± 12 | 60 ± 9 | 0.01 |
Average diastolic (μJ/ml) | 9.1 ± 2.8 | 8.4 ± 2.8 | 9.6 ± 5.3 | 7.4 ± 2.0 | 0.46 |
LV washout parameters | |||||
Direct flow (%) | 35 ± 20 | 25 ± 10 | 18 ± 7 | 13 ± 10 | 0.860 |
Retained volume (%) | 11 ± 6 | 17 ± 8 | 17 ± 6 | 11 ± 5 | 0.471 |
Delayed ejection flow (%) | 24 ± 10 | 19 ± 7 | 18 ± 11 | 14 ± 5 | 0.003 |
Residual volume (%) | 30 ± 26 | 39 ± 17 | 46 ± 15 | 62 ± 11 | 0.012 |