Magnetic resonance three-dimensional steady-state free precession imaging of the thoracic duct in patients with Fontan circulation and its relationship to outcomes

Table 5 Partial correlation of clinical measures to maximum thoracic duct diameter in patients with Fontan circulation, controlling for age (N = 171)

Variable	Mean ± SD	Partial correlation
Variable	Mean ± SD	n	R	p-value
CMR
Years since initial Fontan	14.6 ± 8.8	171	− 0.08	0.30
EDV/BSA, ml/m²	120.9 ± 37.4	122	0.06	0.51
ESV/BSA, ml/m²	60.9 ± 27.1	117	0.13	0.16
Mass/BSA, g/m²	67.4 ± 27.3	106	0.02	0.81
EF, %*	51.4 ± 8.4	117	− 0.22	0.02
APC, %	18.5 ± 9.8	29	− 0.19	0.32
Cath
Mean Fontan pressure, mmHg	15.6 ± 3.3	46	0.16	0.30
PVR, WUm²	2.0 ± 0.8	44	− 0.16	0.29
Max EDP, mmHg	9.6 ± 3.0	44	0.28	0.07
CPET
Peak VO₂, mL × kg⁻¹ × min⁻¹	24.2 ± 8.1	45	− 0.20	0.20
% predicted VO₂ max	63.4 ± 16.0	45	− 0.08	0.61
Peak RER	1.2 ± 0.1	45	− 0.01	0.96
% predicted peak O₂ pulse	77.2 ± 22.5	45	0.10	0.52
% predicted peak work rate	71.7 ± 20.5	44	− 0.17	0.28
Relative VO₂ at VAT mL × kg⁻¹ × min⁻¹	14.5 ± 4.2	45	− 0.10	0.50
%VAT/Predicted peak VO₂	38.4 ± 9.5	45	0.03	0.85
VE/VCO₂ slope	34.4 ± 7.4	45	− 0.27	0.07
Laboratory
Creatinine, mg/dL	0.7 ± 0.2	88	− 0.03	0.79
Albumin, mg/dL	4.4 ± 0.6	83	0.09	0.44
Absolute Lymphocyte Count, K cells/μL	1.2 ± 0.8	22	− 0.27	0.24

Partial correlation was performed to control for changes in maximum thoracic duct diameter with age. Bold indicates a p-value < 0.05. EDV end-diastolic volume, BSA body surface area, ESV end-systolic volume, EF ejection fraction, APC aortopulmonary collateral burden, AVVR atrioventricular valve regurgitation, echo echocardiography, PVR pulmonary vascular resistance, EDP end-diastolic pressure, RER respiratory exchange ratio, VO₂ oxygen consumption, VAT ventilatory anaerobic threshold, VE ventilation

ISSN: 1532-429X