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Table 1 Patient characteristics and cardiac volumes measured from CMR

From: Hemodynamic forces from 4D flow magnetic resonance imaging predict left ventricular remodeling following cardiac resynchronization therapy

 

Responders (n = 15)

Non-responders (n = 7)

p-value Responders vs. Non-responders

Controls (n = 8)

p-value all patients vs. controls

Age, years

67 [8]

70 [7]

0.822

65 [2]

0.103

Male, n (%)

11 (73)

5 (71)

1.0

4 (50%)

0.384

BMI > 30 kg/m2, n (%)

1 (7)

2 (29)

0.227

0

–

QRS > 150 ms, n (%)

14 (93)

5 (71)

0.227

0

–

IHD etiology, n (%)

6 (40)

6 (86)

0.074

0

–

DCM etiology, n (%)

9 (60)

1 (14)

0.074

0

–

Previous myocardial infarction, n (%)

4 (27)

5 (71)

0.074

0

–

Heart-failure related hospitalization within 5 years, n (%)

2 (13)

0

1

0

–

Mortality within 5 years, n (%)

1 (7)

1 (14)

1

0

–

Blood pressure systole/diastole, mmHg

137 [34]/78 [17]

120 [15]/73 [5]

0.321/0.206

127 [10]/77 [3]

0.608/0.435

Diabetes, n (%)

1 (7)

1 (14)

1.0

0

–

Beta blocker, n (%)

14 (93)

6 (86)

1.0

0

–

ACEi or ARB, n (%)

15 (100)

7 (100)

1.0

0

–

Platelet inhibitor, n (%)

4 (27)

4 (57)

0.343

0

–

Diuretics, n (%)

6 (40)

4 (57)

0.652

0

–

Lipid-lowering drug, n (%)

6 (40)

6 (86)

0.074

0

–

Heart rate, bpm

66 [14]

62 [11]

0.179

65 [16]

0.774

LV EDV, ml

286 [130]

348 [78]

0.448

158 [31]

–

LV EDVi, ml/m2

156 [80]

156 [39]

0.731

87 [6]

–

LV ESV, ml

197 [87]

238 [77]

0.783

68 [11]

–

LV ESVi, ml/m2

106 [50]

115 [45]

0.891

36 [5]

–

LV SV, ml

77 [24]

96 [30]

0.162

91 [24]

0.420

LV SVi, ml/m2

39 [15]

47 [12]

0.407

49 [6]

0.170

LV EF, %

28 [9]

31 [9]

0.630

57 [2]

–

CO, l/min

5.1 [1.5]

5.1 [1.9]

0.837

5.3 [1.0]

0.696

CI, l/min/m2

2.7 [0.75]

2.6 [0.73]

1.0

2.9 [0.56]

0.185

LGE positive, n (%)

11 (73)

6 (86)

1.0

–

–

LGE mean % extent/transmurality

31/42

44/52

0.334/0.360

–

–

LGE positive in septal segments (2, 3, 8, 9 or 14), n (%)

5 (33)

4 (57)

0.376

–

–

  1. Data is expressed as median and interquartile range [IQR] or absolute values and percentage (%). Data for medications show the usage at 6-months follow-up. ACEi angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin II receptor blocker, BMI body mass index, CI cardiac index, CO cardiac output, DCM dilated cardiomyopathy, IHD ischemic heart disease, bpm beats per minute, EF ejection fraction, LV EDVi left ventricular end-diastolic volume indexed to body surface area, ESV end-systolic volume, LGE late gadolinium enhancement, LVM left ventricular mass, SV stroke volume