Table C Risk-Enhancing Factors
Family history of premature ASCVD (men, age < 55 y; women, age < 65 y) |
Primary hypercholesterolemia (LDL-C, 160–189 mg/dL [4.1–4.8 mmol/L]); non-HDL-C 190–219 mg/dL [4.9–5.6 mmol/L]) |
Metabolic syndrome (increased waist circumference, elevated triglycerides [> 175 mg/dL], elevated blood pressure, elevated glucose, and low HDL-C [< 40 mg/dL in men; < 50 mg/dL in women] are factors; tally of 3 makes the diagnosis) |
Chronic kidney disease (eGFR 15–59 mL/min/1.73 m2 with or without albuminuria; not treated with dialysis or kidney transplantation) |
Chronic inflammatory conditions such as psoriasis, RA, lupus, or HIV/AIDS |
History of premature menopause (before age 40 y) and history of pregnancy-associated conditions that increase later ASCVD risk such as preeclampsia, gestational diabetes |
Noncoronary vascular disease (eg, ABI < 0.9) |
High-risk races/ethnicities (eg, South Asian ancestry) |
Elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (≥ 2.0 mg/L) |
Elevated Lp(a): ≥ 50 mg/dL or ≥ 125 nmol/L |
Elevated apoB ≥ 130 mg/dL |
Persistently elevated, primary hypertriglyceridemia (≥ 175 mg/dL) |
Coronary calcifications on prior imaging (chest x-ray, chest CT) |
Prior chest radiation |
Chemotherapy with vasotoxicity potential |