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Table 1 Baseline characteristics, conventional CMR data, and dyssynchrony measurements for all patients and comparisons

From: Ventricular dyssynchrony late after the Fontan operation is associated with decreased survival

 

All Fontan patients (N = 503)

Comparison group LV (N = 42)

Fontan subgroups

p-value

LV (N = 157)

RV (N = 190)

Mixed (N = 156)

All Fontan vs. comparison group LV

LV vs. comparison group LV

LV vs. RV

RV vs. comparison group LV

Mixed vs. comparison group LV

Baseline characteristics

 Age at CMR, y

15.2 (10.3, 21.3)

15.7 (11.0, 19.7)

16.6 (12.6, 23.8)

14.2 (10.0, 18.8)

14.8 (9.6, 21.7)

0.923

0.107

< 0.001*

0.290

0.942

 Sex, male

302 (60%)

18 (43%)

93 (60%)

123 (65%)

86 (55%)

0.030*

0.049*

0.366

0.010*

0.160

 BSA, m2

1.5 (1.1, 1.8)

1.6 (1.3, 1.8)

1.6 (1.2, 1.8)

1.4 (1.0, 1.7)

1.5 (1.0, 1.8)

0.044*

0.4436

0.0021*

0.009*

0.0397*

 SBP, mmHg

113(101,123)

117 (106, , 124)

114 (104, 123)

113 (102, 126)

111 (96, 122)

0.239

0.575

0.722

0.396

0.059

 SBP, z-score

0.26 (− 0.62, 1.11)

0.50 (− 0.26, 1.20)

0.42 (− 0.56, 1.09)

0.44 (− 0.37, 1.37)

0.05 (− 0.90, 0.87)

0.287

0.016*

0.412

0.617

0.016*

 Heart rate, bpm

82 (70, 93)

80 (68, 89)

78 (67, 89)

85 (73, 95)

82 (69, 93)

0.628

0.518

0.001*

0.171

0.6528

%MHR

41(36, 47)

40 (34, 46)

40 (35, 45)

43 (37, 48)

41(36, 47)

0.513

0.797

0.006*

0.174

0.564

 QRS interval, ms

100 (90, 116)

84 (78, 92)

100 (90, 112)

106 (92, 120)

100 (88, 112)

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

0.002*

< 0.001*

< 0.001

Conventional CMR variables

 EDVi, mL/BSA (N = 467)

107 (92, 134)

82 (73, 93)

94 (79, 115)

115 (99, 142)

111 (95, 143)

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

 ESVi, mL/BSA (N = 467)

50 (39, 68)

32 (27, 38)

43 (32, 54)

56 (46, 75)

52 (39, 68)

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

 Massi, grams/BSA (N = 449)

55 (46, 70)

48 (42, 54)

53 (46, 66)

56 (45, 70)

57 (47, 74)

< 0.001*

0.001*

0.839

0.001*

< 0.001*

 EF % (N = 467)

54 (47, 58)

60 (56, 66)

55 (50, 60)

51 (45, 56)

54 (46, 60)

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

 Indexed stroke volume (N = 467)

57 (48, 66)

51 (44, 55)

51 (44, 59)

58 (52, 67)

61 (50, 72)

0.003*

0.502*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

 Aortic flow, L/min (N = 359)

3.0 (2.5, 3.6)

3.6 (3.2, 3.8)

3.0 (2.4, 3.5)

3.2 (2.7, 3.9)

2.9 (2.4, 3.5)

0.002*

0.001*

0.014*

0.055

0.004*

 GCS, % (N = 503)

− 14.6 (− 16.8, − 12.2)

− 17.9 (− 19.7, − 17.0)

− 16.6 (− 18.5, − 14.3)

− 13.6 (− 15.6, − 11.2)

− 14.0 (− 16.3, − 12.0)

< 0.001*

0.001*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

 GRS, % (N = 503)

22.2 (17.66, 27.28)

29.40 (27.29, 33.63)

26.18 (21.71, 31.34)

19.78 (15.56, 24.57)

21.20 (17.28, 26.31)

< 0.001*

0.002*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

  1. Values are medians (interquartile range) or counts (%)
  2. LV left ventricle, RV right ventricle, CMR cardiac magnetic resonance, BSA body surface area, SBP systolic blood pressure, %MHC percent maximum heart rate, EDVi indexed ventricular end-diastolic volume, ESVi indexed ventricular end-systolic volume, Massi indexed ventricular mass, EF ejection fraction, GCS global circumferential strain, GRS global radial strain
  3. *Indicates p-value < 0.05
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Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance

ISSN: 1532-429X

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