Ventricular dyssynchrony late after the Fontan operation is associated with decreased survival

Table 3 Bivariate Cox regression analysis for time to death or heart transplant listing

Predictor	Death or heart transplantation or listing (N = 57); HR (95% CI)	p-value
Age at CMR (years)	0.9 (0.6, 1.1)	0.280
Sex (male)	1.0 (0.6, 1.7)	0.950
Heart rate (per 10 bpm)	1.3 (1.2, 1.5)	< 0.001*
%MHR (per 10 units)	1.7 (1.3, 2.2)	< 0.001*
SBP, mmHg (per 10 units)	0.8 (0.7, 1.0)	0.030*
RA-PA or RA-RV Fontan (ref: extracardiac Fontan)	0.6 (0.2, 1.4)	0.227
Lateral tunnel Fontan (ref: extracardiac Fontan)	0.6 (0.3, 1.2)	0.123
RV morphology (ref: LV)	3.2 (1.5, 6.6)	0.002*
Mixed ventricular morphology (ref: LV)	2.4 (1.1, 5.3)	0.023*
QRS interval, ms (per 10 units)	1.1 (1.0, 1.3)	0.025*
EDV_i, ml/m² (per 10 units)	1.2 (1.1, 1.2)	< 0.001*
ESV_i, ml/m² (per 10 units)	1.2 (1.1, 1.2)	< 0.001*
Mass_i, gm/m² (per 10 units)	1.2 (1.1, 1.3)	< 0.001*
EF, % (per 10 units)	0.6 (0.5, 0.8)	< 0.001*
GCS, % (per 10 units)	7.5 (3.5, 15.8)	< 0.001*
GRS, % (per 10 units)	0.4 (0.3, 0.6)	< 0.001*
SDTTP-CS, ms (per 10 units)	1.2 (1.1, 1.3)	0.022*
SDTTP-RS, ms (per 10 units)	1.2 (1.1, 1.3)	< 0.001*
SDTTP-RSR, ms (per 10 units)	1.1 (1.0, 1.2)	< 0.001*
MOWD-RSR, ms (per 10 units)	1.0 (0.99, 1.1)	0.118
MOWD-CS, ms (per 10 units)	1.0 (0.97, 1.1)	0.316
BAD1-CS, ms (per 10 units)	1.0 (0.9, 1.1)	0.729
BAD2 CS, ms (per 10 units)	1.0 (0.9, 1.1)	0.468
BAD1-CSR, ms (per 10 units)	1.0 (0.97, 1.0)	0.930
BAD2-CSR, ms (per 10 units)	1.0 (0.96, 1.0)	0.873

CMR cardiac magnetic resonance, %MHR percent maximal heart rate, SBP systolic blood pressure, RV right ventricle, LV left ventricle, EDV_i indexed ventricular end-diastolic volume, ESV_i indexed ventricular end-systolic volume, Mass_i indexed ventricular mass, EF ejection fraction, GCS global circumferential strain, SDTTP standard deviation time to peak, GCS global circumferential strain, GRS global radial strain, SDTTP standard deviation time to peak, CS circumferential strain, RS radial strain, RSR radial strain rate, MOWD maximum opposing wall delay, BAD1 base to apex delay for one slice, BAD 2 base to apex delay for two slices
*Indicates p-value < 0.05

ISSN: 1532-429X