Table 3 CMR Protocol for ARVD

1: Sagittal Scout: any rapid image localizer

2: Axial Black Blood Images: double inversion recovery TSE/FSE

   Axial imaging plane provides the best view of the right ventricular anterior wall and the right ventricular outflow tract. Prescribe the axial images starting from the diaphragm to the pulmonary artery.

   TR = 2 R-R intervals

   TE = 5 msec (minimum-full) (GE); TE 30 msec (Siemens)

   Slice thickness = 5 mm

   Interslice gap = 5 mm and

   Field of view (FOV) = 28 cm

   ETL 16–24

3: Axial SSFP Bright Blood Cine Images

   Same superior to inferior coverage as sequence 2.

   TR = 3.5 msec (GE); TR 40–50 msec (Siemens)

   TE = minimum

   Flip angle = 45–70°

   Slice thickness = 8 mm

   Interslice gap = 2 mm

   FOV = 36–40 cm

   16–20 views per segment

   Parallel imaging n = 2 is optional

4: Vertical and long axis cine images (2, 4 chamber view)

   The parameters for this sequence are the same as sequence 3.

5: Short-axis Black Blood Images

   The parameters for this sequence are the same as sequence 2.

6: Axial Black Blood Images with Fat Suppression (Optional sequence)

   This sequence is optional and usually adds 10 extra minutes to the total scanning time. Repeat series 2 with chemical selective fat suppression.

7: Short-axis SSFP cine

   This sequence is prescribed from the four-chamber view. Cover the entire left ventricle. These are performed after gadolinium administration, in order to give time for gadolinium washout. The parameters are identical to sequence 3.

8: TI scout

   4 chamber view, using TI scout sequences or trial TI times to suppress normal myocardium.

9: Delayed gadolinium short axis images (10–15 min delay)

   Same slice coverage as short axis cine images.

   TR/TE per manufacturer recommendations

   TI : optimized to suppress the left ventricle

   Flip angle = 20–25°

   Slice thickness = 8 mm

   Interslice gap = 2 mm

   FOV = 36–40 cm

   No parallel imaging

   Use phase sensitive inversion recovery if available (PSIR)

10: Delayed gadolinium axial axis images

   Same slice coverage as axial cine images. Pulse sequence same as sequence 9.

   TI : optimized to suppress the right ventricle

   Use phase sensitive inversion recovery if available (PSIR)