Figure 10
Streamline visualization of blood flow (left) and volume rendering of turbulence intensity (turbulent kinetic energy, TKE) (right) at peak systole in a patient with an aortic coarctation distal to the left subclavian artery. In addition to the coarctation, elevated values of turbulence intensity can be seen in the ascending aorta, resulting from a minimally obstructive sub-aortic valve membrane. A time-resolved volume rendering visualization of the TKE is provided in additional file 7.