Patient | ECHO findings | CMR findings |
---|---|---|
2 | Large unobstructed RPVs with laminar flow. | Severe discrete stenosis at junction of RLPV to LA. |
6 | Laminar flow in LUPV. | LPVs compressed between atria and descending aorta. |
9 | Long segment narrowing of LUPV with mild flow acceleration. Normal low velocity phasic flow in all 3 remaining PVs. | No LPVs are definitely identified on angiography. |
13 | 4 PVs with laminar color flow and low velocity biphasic flow. | LUPV shows stenosis at its connection to the confluence. |
17 | Biphasic flow in all PVs. | Hypoplasia of the RUPV and LLPV. Some discrete narrowing of RLPV at entrance to LA. |
18 | Laminar flow in RPVs. Turbulent but phasic flow in LPVs. | Complete occlusion of RUPV. LPVs have significant focal area of narrowing at LA junction. |
24 | Flow acceleration seen in LLPV. | LUPVs remain diffusely stenotic... the entry of the LLPV into the LA is severely stenotic. Mild narrowing of RLPV prior to its confluence with the more inferior vein. |
25 | Stenosis of LLPV to LA. Laminar flow in LUPV and RPVs. | LUPV and LLPV are obstructed. |
26 | RLPV to IVC. RUPV to LA. | Mild constriction and kinking of RUPV as it connects to LA. Mild stenosis of the RLPV as it connects to the IVC. |
28 | Increased flow velocity in LPVs. Unobstructed RPVs. | Complete obstruction/atresia of the LPVs. Moderate compression of the common RPV. |
29 | RPVs have mild flow acceleration with low velocity, phasic flow. Increased but phasic flow across LLPV. | Only lower PVs connected to the LA. RLPV is intact without any stenosis. LLPV has discrete (~50%) stenosis. |
30 | Laminar color flow seen in 4 PVs. LUPV not seen more distally but laminar color flow seen entering the LA. | LUPV is small and presents a severe discrete stenosis at its junction to the LA. |