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Table 1 Structural and functional abnormalities encountered in repaired TOF

From: Repaired tetralogy of Fallot: the roles of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in evaluating pathophysiology and for pulmonary valve replacement decision support

Structural Abnormalities

Functional Abnormalities

Inherent to TOF repair

RV volume overload

   Partial or complete removal of pulmonary valve tissue

   Pulmonary regurgitation

   Infundibulotomy scar

   Tricuspid regurgitation

   Resection of RV/infundibular muscle bundles

   Left-to-right shunt

   Right atriotomy scar

Ventricular septal defect

   VSD patch

Atrial septal defect

Residual or recurrent lesions

Aorto-pulmonary collaterals

   RV outflow tract obstruction

RV pressure overload

   Main or branch pulmonary artery stenosis

   RV outflow or pulmonary artery stenosis

   Ventricular septal defect

   Pulmonary vascular disease

   Atrial septal defect

   Pulmonary venous hypertension secondary to LV dysfunction

Acquired lesions

RV systolic dysfunction

   Tricuspid valve abnormalities

RV diastolic dysfunction

   RV outflow tract aneurysm

LV dysfunction

   RV fibrosis

Ventricular conduction delay

Associated anomalies

Arrhythmias

   Dilated aorta

   Atrial flutter

   Associated congenital cardiovascular anomalies

   Atrial fibrillation

   Associated genetic and non-cardiac anomalies

   Ventricular tachycardia

 

Co-morbidities

 

   Renal, pulmonary, musculoskeletal, neurodevelopmental abnormalities