Table 1 General Characteristic by Group

Age (years) (min, max)

13.9 ± 8.9 (4.8, 46.6)

8.5 ± 0.9** (6.6, 10.0)

12.9 ± 2.8 (10.0, 24.8)

15.0 ± 3.9 (10.3, 24.0)

17.3 ± 5.4** (8.7, 26.4)

LVEF (%) (min, max)

64.6 ± 5.9 (48.9, 76.2)

65.0 ± 4.8 (55.2, 82.7)

64.4 ± 5.8 (55.3, 83.3)

49.4 ± 6.6** (31.6, 54.4)

36.5 ± 12.2** (17.3, 54.0)

XCD^a(ms)

45.6 ± 16.9 (0, 83.3)

35.3 ± 16.6 (0, 70.5)

38.2 ± 19.8 (0, 112.5)

52.2 ± 22.4 (27.5, 105)

73.0 ± 41.9 (21.3, 157.5)

US_max (min, max)

0.97 ± 0.04 (0.84, 1.00)

0.98 ± 0.03 (0.90, 1.00)

0.97 ± 0.03 (0.86, 1.00)

0.97 ± 0.04 (0.88, 1.00)

0.92 ± 0.08** (0.73, 1.00)

TTMS (min, max)

78.2 ± 31.8 (0.0, 148.8)

65.4 ± 22.9** (21.3, 157.5)

71.2 ± 24.0 (21.3, 105.8)

95.1 ± 19.6** (56.5, 140.0)

111.4 ± 33.0** (63.8, 157.5)

RVV_max (min, max)

0.95 ± 0.57 (0.10, 2.8)

1.03 ± 0.55 (0.04, 2.7)

1.13 ± 0.57 (0.14, 2.7)

1.03 ± 0.51 (0.35, 2.16)

1.34 ± 0.57** (0.42, 2.2)

STD_peak (min, max)

31.7 ± 12.0 (0, 56.1)

26.7 ± 8.4** (11.6, 55.1)

29.6 ± 9.7 (8.7, 52.7)

36.5 ± 6.9 (21.3, 47.8)

46.1 ± 16.6** (24.8, 75.7)

QRS (min, max)

92.8 ± 11.41

85.1 ± 7.8** (70, 104)

86.6 ± 8.0** (68, 109)

86.1 ± 13.4 (68, 126)

97.1 ± 21.9 (80, 134)

ε_cc (min, max)

-18.2 ± 4.5 (-17.4, -25.5)

-14.2 ± 1.4** (-10.4, -16.3)

-13.2 ± 2.0** (-6.5, -16.5)

-10.7 ± 2.1 (-7.4, -14.2)

-7.0 ± 2.8 (-2.8, -11.9)