Table 1 Grading system for evaluation of right heart flow patterns

SVC/IVC

1

S wave > D wave

2

D wave > S wave

RA

1

normal, single clockwise vortex

2

increased vortices

RV diastole

1

normal right-handed helix through TV

2

increased helicity and vorticity

RV systole

1

uniform, laminar flow toward RVOT

2

non-uniform outflow

MPA/RPA/LPA

1

uniform, laminar flow

2

helical or vortical flow