Figure 2

Effective orifice area computed using shear layer detection method (JSLD). Effective orifice area computed using jet shear layer detection method (JSLD). Panel (A) shows flow streamlines through an orifice (geometric orifice area [GOA] = 1.66 cm² and effective orifice area [EOA] = 1.00 cm²). Dashed line represents a plane crossing the vena contracta (≈ 10 mm from the orifice). Panel (B) shows normalized velocity map at the vena contracta. Panel (C) shows AST shear layers computed from (B), JSLD identifies the inflexion points from the velocity profile corresponding to noise production, shear layers from vorticity and separation regions at the vena contracta position lead to EOA estimation (blue circle with transparency). Panel (D) shows the correspondence between normalized velocity profiles and normalized AST profiles, gray lines indicate the corresponding voxel on EOA identified shear layer