Late gadolinium enhancement by cardiovascular magnetic resonance is complementary to left ventricle ejection fraction in predicting prognosis of patients with stable coronary artery disease

Oronzo Catalano; Guido Moro; Mariarosa Perotti; Mauro Frascaroli; Monica Ceresa; Serena Antonaci; Paola Baiardi; Carlo Napolitano; Maurizia Baldi; Silvia G Priori

doi:10.1186/1532-429X-14-29

Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance

Table 1 Baseline characteristics and differences between patients with and without events in the follow-up

From: Late gadolinium enhancement by cardiovascular magnetic resonance is complementary to left ventricle ejection fraction in predicting prognosis of patients with stable coronary artery disease

	All patients	Event free (n = 320)	With events (n = 56)	P Value*
ANTHROPOMETRY
Age (y)	64 ± 11	63 ± 11	68 ± 10	0.003
Sex (m)	292 (78%)	248 (76%)	44 (79%)	0.859
Body mass index	26 ± 4	26 ± 4	26 ± 4	0.300
CAD RISK FACTORS
Familiar history of CAD	170 (45%)	143 (45%)	27 (48%)	0.625
Smoking habit	220 (59%)	179 (56%)	41 (73%)	0.015
Diabetes	77 (21%)	66 (21%)	11 (20%)	0.867
Hypertension	218 (58%)	185 (58%)	33 (59%)	0.876
Hypercholesterolemia	214 (57%)	181 (57%)	33 (59%)	0.742
# risk factors	2.4 ± 1.1	2.4 ± 1.1	2.6 ± 1.1	0.159
CLINIC HISTORY
Previous CAD diagnosis	332 (88%)	277 (87%)	55 (98%)	0.012
Previous myocardial infarction	246 (65%)	202 (63%)	44 (79%)	0.025
NYHA classification (III class)	22 (6%)	11 (3%)	11 (20%)	<0.0001
Revascularization in the follow-up	79 (21%)	73 (23%)	6 (11%)	0.040
PHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPY
β-blockers	289 (77%)	448 (78%)	41 (73%)	0.483
Ca⁺⁺⁻antagonist	76 (20%)	62 (19%)	14 (25%)	0.334
Nitrates	159 (42%)	136 (43%)	23 (41%)	0.842
Loop diuretics	135 (36%)	95 (30%)	40 (71%)	<0.0001
Aldosterone antagonist	51 (14%)	30 (9%)	21 (38%)	<0.0001
ACE-inhibitors/AT₁-receptors antagonist	304 (81%)	257 (80%)	47 (84%)	0.526
ASA	319 (85%)	275 (86%)	44 (79%)	0.156
Statins	280 (75%)	240 (75%)	40 (71%)	0.572
Anticoagulant	33 (9%)	18 (6%)	15 (27%)	<0.0001
ECG
Heart rate (bpm)	65 ± 13	64 ± 12	73 ± 14	<0.0001
Non sinusal rhythm	12 (3%)	7 (2%)	5 (9%)	0.021
QRS duration (msec)	105 ± 21	103 ± 19	112 ± 27	0.022
QTc interval (msec)	425 ± 34	421 ± 32	447 ± 37	<0.0001
LV hypertrophy	58 (15%)	50 (14%)	8 (16%)	0.942
LBB block	59 (16%)	44 (14%)	15 (27%)	0.013
RBB block	16 (12%)	12 (12%)	4 (14%)	0.612
ST segment depression	46 (8%)	38 (7%)	8 (13%)	0.176
Negative T waves	184 (49%)	151 (47%)	33 (59%)	0.105
Q waves	164 (44%)	135 (42%)	29 (52%)	0.181
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
LV EDV (ml/m²)	59 ± 22	57 ± 20	74 ± 30	<0.0001
LV ESV (ml/m²)	31 ± 20	28 ± 16	49 ± 28	<0.0001
LV EF (%)	51 ± 13	53 ± 12	39 ± 15	<0.0001
LV WMSI	1.4 ± 0.5	1.4 ± 0.4	1.9 ± 0.5	<0.0001
LV mass (g)	188 ± 59	186 ± 57	202 ± 70	<0.0001
LV diastolic function (≥ pseudo-normal)	44 (12%)	25 (8%)	19 (34%)	<0.0001
Mitral regurgitation (≥ moderate)	56 (15%)	36 (11%)	20 (36%)	<0.0001
Pulmonary hypertension	34 (9%)	19 (6%)	15 (27%)	<0.0001
RVIT dilatation	17 (5%)	12 (4%)	5 (9%)	0.085
RV dysfunction	38 (10%)	28 (9%)	10 (18%)	0.037
LATE GADOLINIUM ENHANCEMENT
Total burden (% of LV mass)	13 ± 15	10 ± 12	28 ± 22	<0.0001
Spatial extent (% of LV surface)	22 ± 22	18 ± 19	42 ± 29	<0.0001
Max transmural extent (% of wall thickness)	55 ± 39	51 ± 39	73 ± 39	<0.0001

LV = left ventricle; LBB = left bundle branch; RBB = right bundle branch; MR = mitral regurgitation; RVIT = right ventricle inflow tract.
* Pearson Chi-Square or Fisher's exact test (where appropriate) for categorical data; Student's t-test or Mann–Whitney test (# risk factors, LV WMSI, late enhancement data) for numeric data.

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