Figure 1

Vortex ring formation in the left ventricle after early diastolic rapid filling, as shown by Lagrangian Coherent Structures computed from 4D phase contrast velocity mapping. LCS are shown as yellow/white lines. Panel A shows a cross-section of the three-dimensional vortex ring LCS superimposed on a three-chamber view cine image of the heart, just after early diastolic rapid filling. Panel B shows the same LCS image, with a manual delineation of the vortex ring LCS. Note how the vortex ring occupies a large part of the left ventricle.