Transthoracic delivery of large devices into the left ventricle through the right ventricle and interventricular septum: preclinical feasibility

Table 2 Geometry of transventricular and conventional trajectories based on human CT data

	Transventricular LV endocardial entry across interventricular septum		Conventional LA entry through fossa ovalis
	Distance (mm)	Angle	Distance (mm)	Angle
To aortic valve annulus	43 ± 4	125 ± 6°	-	-
To mitral valve annulus	44 ± 4	148 ± 6° *	37.8 ± 5.7	98.9 ± 5

Distances are reported between chamber entry site (LV endocardial border for transventricular access, LA border for atrial transseptal access) and the center of the target valve annulus. Angles are reported between chamber entry site and a line directly to the center of the target valve annulus. These are depicted graphically in Figure 6. * = p < 0.01 compared with an atrial transseptal trajectory.

ISSN: 1532-429X