Evaluation of current algorithms for segmentation of scar tissue from late Gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance of the left atrium: an open-access grand challenge

Table 1 Overview of previously published scar detection, quantification and segmentation methods

Reference	Model	n	Modality	LV/LA	Algorithm	Evaluation
Kim et al.[9]	Canine	26	CMR	LV	SD	Infarct size, ex-vivo
Amado et al.[12]	Animal	13	CMR	LV	SD, FWHM	Bland altman, Infarct volume
Kolipaka et al.[10]	Human	23	CMR	LV	SD	Percentage scar, Bland-Altman
Positano et al.[14]	Human	15	CMR	LV	Clustering	Percentage scar
Yan et al.[13]	Human	144	CMR	LV	SD	Percentage scar
Schmidt et al.[11]	Human	47	CMR	LV	SD	Infarct size
Hennemuth et al.[15]	Human	21	CMR	LV	EM fitting	Percentage scar, Bland-Altman
Oakes et al.[5]	Human	81	CMR	LA	SD	Percentage scar
Detsky et al.[16]	Human	15	CMR	LV	Clustering	Infarct size
Tao et al.[17]	Human	20	CMR	LV	Otsu thresholding	Dice
Knowles et al.[4]	Human	7	CMR	LA	MIP	Percentage scar
Lu et al.[18]	Human	10	CMR	LV	Graph-cuts	Infarct size and Bland-Altman

Methods were analysed on the type of data they were evaluated with and the structure of interest: left ventricle (LV) or left atrium (LA). The number of datasets (n) is listed. Most methods employed simple standard deviation (SD) thresholding from a base healthy tissue intensity value. Others such as full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM), maximum intensity projection (MIP) and expectation-maximisation (EM) fitting have also been proposed. The evaluation measures used were compared.

ISSN: 1532-429X