Preliminary experience with cardiovascular magnetic resonance in evaluation of fetal cardiovascular anomalies

Table 3 Comparison between prenatal echocardiographic results, fetal CMR and postnatal findings

Both echo and CMR incorrect	Echo correct, CMR incorrect	Echo incorrect, CMR correct
TI (right cardiomegaly diagnosed at both)	Two atrioventricular canal defects (common atrioventricular valve missed at CMR)	Asplenia syndrome with omphalocele (cardiac structure not clearly showed at Echo)
Persistent truncus arteriosus (PA/VSD suspected at both)	*Two TA (absent TV not clearly showed at CMR)	Asplenia syndrome with CDH (RAoA, PLSVC, DAo and IVC on the same side missed at Echo)
	Ebstein anomaly (dilated right atrium diagnosed at CMR)	Polysplenia syndrome (interrupted IVC missed at Echo)
	Two small VSD (3 mm,missed at CMR)	*TI (thinned DA missed at Echo)
	CoA (mild, missed at CMR)	DORV with VSD, bilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney and oligohydramnios (DORV missed at Echo)
	PS (not clearly showed at CMR)	DORV with CAVC and polyhydramnios (DORV missed at Echo)
	*Two right pulmonary artery hypoplasia (hypoplastic pulmonary artery not clearly showed at CMR)	Double aortic arch (not clearly showed at Echo)
	TOF (overriding aorta not clearly showed at CMR)	Right pulmonary artery hypoplasia (only one scoliosis diagnosed at Echo)
	TOF (overriding aorta not clearly showed at CMR)	* TOF (right-sided aortic arch missed at Echo)
		HLHS of a twin fetus (cardiac structure not clearly showed at Echo)

* The main results of pretnatal diagnosis are almost consistent with postnatal findings. In 2 TA, The fetal MR images were analyzed to reach the diagnosis of TA by signs of reduced right ventricles. Two right pulmonary artery hypoplasia were detected essentially through the analysis of CMR signs of reduced right lungs; In 1 TI, the diagnosis of fetal echocardiography was correct, only thinned DA was missed. One case of TOF was correctly diagnosed by fetal echocardiography, only RAoA was missed by echocardiography.
TI: tricuspid incompetence; PA/VSD: pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect; TA: tricuspid atresia; TV: tricuspid valve; VSD: ventricular septal defect; CoA: coarctation of the aorta; PS: pulmonary stenosis; TOF: Tetralogy of Fallot; RAoA: right-sided aortic arch; PLSVC: persistent left superior vena cava; DAo: descending aorta; IVC: inferior vena cava; DA: ductus arteriosus; DORV: double outlet right ventricle; CAVC: complete atrioventricular canal; HLHS: hypoplastic left heart syndrome.

ISSN: 1532-429X