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Figure 2 | Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance

Figure 2

From: Prediction of aortic dilation in Turner syndrome - enhancing the use of serial cardiovascular magnetic resonance

Figure 2

Mathematical modelling of aortic diameter in Turner syndrome with varying burdens of risk factors for aortic complications, aiming to validate the predictive models against actual data collected in three real patients. Aortic measurement position (nine: from aortic sinuses to descending thoracic aorta) is depicted on the x-axis. A) Perceived low risk burden: 26-year old, tricuspid aortic valve, no aortic coarctation, ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) 104/66 mmHg, body surface area (BSA) 1.46 m2, and karyotype 45,X (dots: actual measurement at baseline; full black line: prediction at baseline from modelling of the complete cohort (n = 102); dotted lines: 95% prediction limits). B) Same low-risk female (as in A) (dots: actual measurement at 4 years; full black line: 4 year prediction; dotted lines: 95% prediction limits; full red line: prediction at 8 years from baseline). C) Perceived high risk burden: 49-year old, bicuspid valves, aortic coarctation, hypertension (ABP 124/67 mmHg during antihypertensive treatment), BSA 1.60 m2, and karyotype 45,X/46,X,r(X) (dotted line: actual measurement at baseline; full line: prediction at baseline; dotted lines: 95% prediction limits). D) Same high-risk female (as in 2C) (dots: actual measurement at 4 years; full black line: 4 year prediction; dotted lines: 95% prediction limits; full red line: prediction at 8 years from baseline). E) Perceived high risk burden: 43-year old, bicuspid valves, no aortic coarctation, diagnosed hypertension (ABP 143/90 mmHg during antihypertensive treatment), BSA 1.47 m2, and karyotype 45,X (dotted line: actual measurement at baseline; full line: prediction at baseline; dotted lines: 95% prediction limits). F) Same high-risk female (as in E) (dots: actual measurements at 4 years; full black line: 4 year prediction; dotted lines: 95% prediction limits; full red line: 8 yeard prediction), and please note that ascending aortic measurements fell outside the prediction. Please also see http://www.biostat.au.dk/MERL/Aorta_Prediction_model.htm.

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