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Table 1 Females with Turner syndrome followed with three visits over 4.8 years using CMR

From: Prediction of aortic dilation in Turner syndrome - enhancing the use of serial cardiovascular magnetic resonance

  

Baseline

Follow up

End of study

Participants (n)

 

102

89

82

Total exit from study (n)

 

-

13

20

Technically successful study (n)

 

102 (100%)

80 (90%)

78 (95%)

Age (years)

 

38 ± 11

41 ± 11

43.0 ± 10

Follow up time (years)

 

-

2.4 ± 0.4

4.8 ± 0.5

Body surface area (m2)

 

1.5 ± 0.2

1.5 ± 0.2

1.5 ± 0.1

Karyotype (45,X/other)

 

58%/42%

60%/40%

61%/39%

Oestrogen replacement therapy

 

86%

85%

82%

Antihypertensive treatment

 

29%

28%

55%

Statin treatment

 

6%

9%

13%

Diabetes

 

5%

8%

12%

Previous growth hormone treatment

27%

26%

22%

Ambulatory blood pressure

    

  24-hour systolic (mm Hg)

 

122 ± 14

122 ± 14

117 ± 13

  24-hour diastolic (mm Hg)

 

77 ± 11

78 ± 11

75 ± 8

  24-hour heart rate (beats/min)

 

76 ± 10

77 ± 9

74 ± 9

Aortic dimensions (mm)

    

  Aortic sinus

 

29.1 ± 4.0

29.2 ± 3.0 *

31.0 ± 4.4 *

  Sinotubular junction

 

25.4 ± 4.7

25.3 ± 4.3

26.3 ± 4.6 *

  Mid-ascending aorta

 

27.4 ± 6.7

27.5 ± 5.0

28.6 ± 5.2 *

  Distal ascending aorta

 

25.4 ± 4.0

25.5 ± 3.6

25.8 ± 3.7

  Proximal aortic arch

 

23.5 ± 3.7

23.4 ± 3.6

23.9 ± 3.5

  Mid aortic arch

 

20.5 ± 2.6

20.5 ± 2.7

20.7 ± 2.6

  Distal transverse aortic arch

 

19.3 ± 2.4

19.3 ± 2.3

19.4 ± 2.3

  Proximal descending

 

19.4 ± 2.9

19.5 ± 2.8

19.8 ± 3.4

  Distal descending aorta

 

18.2 ± 2.4

18.2 ± 2.2

18.3 ± 2.5

Aortic valve and aortic anomalies

    

  Bicuspid aortic valve

 

25%

28%

30%

  Aortic stenosis †

 

12% (7%/4%/1%)

11% (8%/3%/-)

13% (9%/4%/-)

  Aortic regurgitation †

 

22% (16%/5%/1%)

21% (18%/3%/-)

23% (17%/5%/1%)

  Elongated transverse aortic arch

 

47%

48%

48%

  Aortic coarctation ‡

 

12%

11%

10%

  1. Continuous variable are expressed as means ± standard deviations.
  2. * P < 0.05 using Student’s paired t-test to compare baseline and end of study.
  3. † Percentages describe grades of dysfunction (mild/moderate/severe). There was no significant change in valvar indices during the follow-up.
  4. ‡Morphological aortic coarcation on CMR.