Figure 17
Secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) imaging protocol. A. Axial steady-state free precession (SSFP) image in a 10-year-old with a large secundum ASD (white arrow). B. The axial SSFP image is used to plan a stack of oblique sagittal SSFP images to visualize the ASD and the superior and inferior defect margins. C. The axial and oblique sagittal images are used together to plan a stack of phase-contrast (PC) cine images to visualize the ASD flow en face. This provides insight into the oval shape of the defect and may demonstrate additional ASDs.