Table 2 Characteristics of patients with normal (no Pathology) and abnormal (any Pathology) CMR
CMR normal | CMR not normal | p-value | OR (95% - CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 225) | (n = 180) | |||
Age [years] | 46 (35.6-57.1) | 49.7 (38.6-64.3) | <0.01 | |
Gender, female | 122 (54.2) | 55 (30.6) | <0.0001 | 2.69 (1.78-4.06) |
Referring physician | ||||
Inpatients | 108 (48.0) | 114 (63.3) | <0.01 | 0.56 (0.38-0.84) |
Outpatients referred by cardiologists | 98 (43.6) | 56 (31.1) | <0.05 | 1.71 (1.13-2.58) |
Outpatients referred by general practitioners | 19 (8.4) | 10 (5.6) | 0.26 | 1.57 (0.71-3.46) |
Primary cardiac symptoms leading to CMR | ||||
Reduced LVEF | 15 (6.7) | 67 (37.2) | <0.0001 | 0.12 (0.07-0.22) |
Pericardial effusion | 4 (1.8) | 2 (1.1) | 0.58 | 1.61 (0.29-8.90) |
ECG abnormality | 77 (34.2) | 54 (30.0) | 0.37 | 1.21 (0.80-1.85) |
Palpitations | 66 (29.3) | 26 (14.4) | <0.001 | 2.46 (1.48-4.07) |
Dyspnea | 59 (26.2) | 78 (43.3) | <0.001 | 0.46 (0.31-0.71) |
Angina/Chest pain | 132 (58.7) | 85 (47.2) | <0.05 | 1.59 (1.07-2.35) |
Abnormal fatigue | 57 (25.3) | 39 (21.8) | 0.41 | 1.22 (0.77-1.94) |
Wall motion abnormality | 8 (3.6) | 9 (5.0) | 0.47 | 0.70 (0.26-1.85) |
Ventricular arrythmias/Extrasystoles | 29 (12.9) | 16 (8.9) | 0.20 | 1.52 (0.80-2.89) |
Aborted SCD | 3 (1.3) | 3 (1.7) | 0.78 | 0.80 (0.16-4.00) |
Viral prodrome/history of infectious symptoms | 69 (30.7) | 61 (33.9) | 0.49 | 0.86 (0.57-1.31) |
Atrial fibrillation | 14 (6.2) | 36 (20.1) | <0.0001 | 0.26 (0.14-0.51) |
Elevated troponin | 8(3.6) | 30 (16.7) | <0.0001 | 0.18 (0.08-0.41) |
EMB performed | 12 (5.7) | 66 (38.6) | <0.0001 | 0.10 (0.05-0.19) |
Histopathological myocarditis in EMB | 7 (58.3) | 46 (70.8) | 0.39 | 0.58 (0.16-2.05) |
CMR imaging parameters | ||||
LVEF [%] | 66 (62.0-70.0) | 54 (38.0-63.0) | <0.0001 | |
LV-EDV [ml] | 122 (103–148) | 160 (128–204) | <0.0001 | |
LV-ESV [ml] | 42 (32.0-51.5) | 72 (52–109) | <0.0001 | |
LVEDD [mm] | 48 (44–52) | 54 (49–59) | <0.0001 | |
Pericardial effusion present | 0 | 76 (42.5) | <0.0001 | |
LGE present | 0 | 114 (64.0) | <0.0001 | |
Symptoms at follow-up | ||||
Angina pectoris | 40 (19.8) | 23 (15.0) | 0.24 | 1.40 (0.80-2.45) |
Other chest pain (non anginal) | 17 (8.5) | 15 (9.8) | 0.66 | 0.85 (0.41-1.76) |
Palpitations | 34 (16.9) | 22 (14.4) | 0.52 | 1.21 (0.68-2.17) |
NYHA class ≥ 2 | 53 (24.9) | 58 (36.3) | <0.05 | 0.58 (0.37-0.91) |
Medication | ||||
Betablockers at follow-up | 51 (24.4) | 80 (49.1) | <0.0001 | 0.33 (0.22-0.52) |
ACEI/ARB at follow-up | 39 (18.7) | 68 (41.7) | <0.0001 | 0.32 (0.20-0.51) |
Events during follow-up | ||||
Death | 2 (0.9) | 11 (6.1) | <0.01 | 0.14 (0.03-0.63) |
Cardiac death | 0 | 7 (63.6) | 0.51 | |
Aborted SCD | 0 | 1 (0.6) | 0.25 | |
ICD shocks | 0 | 2 (1.3) | 0.10 | |
Hospitalization for heart failure | 1 (0.5) | 16 (9.5) | <0.0001 | 0.04 (0.01-0.34) |