Figure 1

Demographics, aortic dimensions and hemodynamics of sudy cohort. All BAV relatives' results are listed in the very left. In addition, the BAV three families (F1, F2, F3) are separately listed. Grading of vortex or helix flow was done as follows: Grade 0: linear flow or flow rotation < 90°, grade 1: rotation of 90 - 180°, grade 2: vertical/helical flow 180 - 360°, grade 3: flow rotation of >360.