Figure 2

Results of semi-quantitative flow pattern grading in the AAo, aortic arch, and Dao. Grading of vortex and helix flow at three analysis planes was done as follows: grade 0: linear flow or flow rotation < 90°, grade 1: rotation of 90 - 180°, grade 2: vortex/helix flow 180 - 360°. Grade 3: flow rotation of > 360.