Figure 1

Representative images of patients acquired using the FB 3D protocol. First pass MRA 3D MIP acquired immediately after administration of blood pool contrast agent is shown in (A). (B) and (C) are equilibrium MRA images acquired ~2-3 minutes after contrast injection. Additional vasculature is clearly see in equilibrium MRA wrt first pass MRA images. (D) is a 2D SSFP 4-chamber cine image; (E) and (F) are reconstructed 3D images obtained in a similar imaging plan. Regurgitant jet is clearly seen in (F) that could not be clearly visualized using 2D acquisition. (G), (H) and (I) demonstrates feasibility of capturing complex anatomic details/flow (pulmonary stenosis) using 4D flow imaging. Whole heart SSFP imaging (not shown) post contrast also demonstrated significant clinical utility.