Figure 1

Comparison of brain ultrasound findings with fetal hemodynamic parameters and placental pathology. (a) There was no difference in middle cerebral artery pulsatility index (MCA PI) between normal and congenital heart disease (CHD) fetuses with or without white matter changes at birth. (b) CHD fetuses with abnormal brains at birth had higher superior vena cava (SVC) flow than normals (p=0.03) and (c) smaller brains than those with normal head ultrasound (p = 0.02). (d) The histological examination of the placenta of a fetus with aortic coarctation and white matter changes consistent with periventricular leukomalacia showed marked chorangiosis and thrombotic vasculitis.