Figure 1

Schematic of the physiologic flow phantom simulator consisting of adjustable compliance and resistance. F1 and F2 are flow probes which can be used to measure flow rates into and out of the left ventricle (Right). Left heart. PPP stands for programmable piston pump (Left). (b): Sample raw images from 4D sequence (Left) and extracted ventricular wall and 3D velocity vectors at the beginning of diastole (Right). (c) Comparison of LVOT slice between the LV flow phantom and a healthy volunteer at 3 time points in the cardiac cycle.(d) PIV of diastolic flow within the LV