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Figure 2 | Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance

Figure 2

From: Hybrid One- and Two-sided Flow-Encodings Only (HOTFEO) to accelerate 4D flow MRI

Figure 2

a. An example of phase differences between the background phase calculated using simulated HOTFEO and the actual measured FC data. b. The through-plane mean flow velocity waveforms of the reference FC/3FE PC-MRI (gray) and simulated HOTFEO (blue). c. The total peak velocity waveforms of the reference FC/3FE PC-MRI (gray) and simulated HOTFEO (blue). The HOTFEO technique provides accurate background phase estimation without acquiring the FC data, and provides accurate flow velocity measurements. d. total volumetric flow measurement between prospective HOTFEO and reference 4D flow. The bias is -0.1 mL (-3.4% relative bias error) and the interval between the upper and lower limits of agreement was [-0.6, 0.3] mL. e. The Bland-Altman plots of total maximum peak velocity measurement between prospective HOTFEO and reference 4D flow. The bias is -1.8 cm/s (2.0% relative bias error) and the interval between the upper and lower limits of agreement was [-9.7, 6.1] cm/s.

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