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Figure 4 | Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance

Figure 4

From: Left ventricular systolic function and the pattern of late-gadolinium-enhancement independently and additively predict adverse cardiac events in muscular dystrophy patients

Figure 4

Examples of cine-CMR images in the 3-chamber-view (end-diastolic and end-systolic frames, left panels) and LGE-CMR images in midventricular short-axis and 3-chamber-views (right panels) from four muscular dystrophy patients with different stages of cardiomyopathy. In the upper panel, images are from a 22-year-old Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) patient with subepicardial LGE as only sign of cardiac involvement. The images in the second panel are from a 27-year-old patient with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) with non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) episodes showing presence of transmural LGE, however, only a mildly impaired left ventricular systolic function. The images in the third panel are from a 25-year old BMD patient showing an impaired LV-EF and only subepicardial LGE that had a heart failure hospitalization. In the lowest panel, images are from a 35-year old BMD patient with an already established picture of dilated cardiomyopathy, a high-grade left ventricular systolic dysfunction and a transmural pattern of LGE who did undergo heart transplantation.

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