Figure 1

Semi-quantitative echocardiographic (SQE) measurement of paravalvular leak (PVL) using circumferential extent of PVL in the parasternal short-axis by the Valve Academic Research Consortium II method. The green circle represents the circumference of the paravalvular leak. The purple circle represents the circumference of the transcatheter valve stent frame. The circumferential extent is the sum of the paravalvular leak jet circumference(s) divided by the valve circumference (mild <10%, moderate 10-30%, severe >30%).