Figure 3

Comparison of paravalvular leak (PVL) classification by qualitative echocardiography (QE), semi-quantitative echocardiography (SQE), and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). QE classification included the estimated width of the color Doppler jet in the left ventricular outflow tract: mild (jet width < 25% of left ventricular outflow tract width), moderate (jet width 25 to 65% of left ventricular outflow tract width), and severe (jet width >65% of left ventricular outflow tract width). SQE included the circumferential extent as the sum of the paravalvular leak jet circumference(s) divided by the valve circumference: mild (<10%), moderate (10-30%), and severe (>30%). CMR classification included the aortic regurgitant fraction as calculated by dividing the reverse flow volume by the forward flow volume: mild (≤20%), moderate (21-39%), and severe (≥40%).