Table 1 Patient general characteristics
Total MM Patients (N = 64) | CPEO/KSS (N = 33) | MELAS/-like (N = 11) | MERRF (N = 3) | Other MM (N = 17) | Controls (N = 25) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, yrs | 50 ± 15 | 52 ± 14 | 44 ± 17 | 46 ± 3 | 50 ± 15 | 47 ± 12 | 0.45 |
Male, n (%) | 28 (44) | 12 (36) | 3 (27) | 2 (67) | 11 (65) | 12 (48) | 0.22 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 10 (16) | 5 (15) | 3 (27) | 0 (0) | 2 (12) | 3 (12) | 0.51 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 10 (16) | 6 (18) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 4 (24) | 5 (20) | 0.79 |
MM family history, n (%) | 17 (26) | 4 (13)* | 9 (80) | 2 (67) | 2 (13)* | - | <0.001 |
Previous cardiac diagnosis, n (%) | 20 (31) | 8 (24) | 7 (64) | 1 (33) | 4 (24) | - | 0.09 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 24 ± 4 | 23 ± 4 | 22 ± 4 | 25 ± 3 | 25 ± 4 | 26 ± 4 | 0.07 |
Lab results | |||||||
Elevated CK, n (%) | 29 (45) | 14 (42) | 5 (46) | 2 (67) | 8 (47) | - | 0.89 |
Elevated TnT, n (%) | 8 (13) | 1 (3)* | 5 (46) | 1 (33) | 1 (6)* | - | 0.003 |
Elevated NT-proBNP, n (%) | 16 (25) | 10 (30) | 4 (36) | 0 (0) | 2 (11) | - | 0.29 |
Any elevated cardiac biomarkers, n (%) | 21 (33) | 11 (33) | 6 (55) | 1 (33) | 3 (18) | - | 0.23 |
ECG findings | |||||||
Sinus rhythm, n (%) | 64 (100) | 33 (100) | 11 (100) | 3 (100) | 17 (100) | 25 (100) | 1.00 |
QRS abnormalities, n (%) | 11 (17) | 5 (15) | 5 (46)§ | 1 (33) | 0 (0)* | 2 (8) | 0.01 |
ST/T abnormalities, n (%) | 11 (17) | 3 (9)* | 8 (73)§ | 0 (0) | 0 (0)* | 2 (8) | <0.001 |
Any abnormal ECG findings, n (%) | 18 (28) | 8 (24)* | 9 (82)§ | 1 (33)* | 0 (0)* | 4 (16) | <0.001 |
Medication | |||||||
ACE inhibitor/ARB, n (%) | 16 (25) | 9 (27) | 3 (20) | 0 (0) | 5 (29) | 5 (20) | 0.89 |
Beta blocker, n (%) | 9 (14) | 5 (15) | 1 (10) | 0 (0) | 3 (18) | 2 (8) | 0.90 |
CoQ10, n (%) | 23 (36) | 10 (30) | 6 (55) | 1 (33) | 6 (35) | - | 0.51 |
Creatin/Carnitin, n (%) | 9 (14) | 7 (21) | 0 (0) | 1 (33) | 1 (6) | - | 0.16 |
Vitamins, n (%) | 15 (24) | 9 (27) | 0 (0) | 1 (33) | 5 (31) | - | 0.15 |