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Table 1 Baseline patient characteristics

From: Pulmonary artery to aorta ratio for the detection of pulmonary hypertension: cardiovascular magnetic resonance and invasive hemodynamics in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Variable

mPAP < 30 mmHg 40 patients (36 %)

mPAP ≥ 30 mmHg 71 patients (64 %)

All 111 patients

p value

Clinical parameters

Age [years]

68.9 ± 10.6

70.6 ± 8.4

70.0 ± 9.3

0.348

Male sex [%]

32.5

32.4

32.4

0.991

BSA [m2]

1.9 ± 0.3

1.9 ± 0.2

1.9 ± 0.2

0.367

AFib [%]

51.3

67.1

61.5

0.103

Diabetes [%]

23.1

50.0

40.4

0.006

HbA1c [%]

5.9 ± 0.6

6.3 ± 1.0

6.2 ± 0.9

0.028

Smoking [%]

33.3

43.3

39.6

0.312

CAD* [%]

5.1

27.1

19.3

0.005

Hypertension [%]

94.9

100.0

98.2

0.056

BMI [kg/m2]

29.3 ± 6.3

31.4 ± 6.0

30.7 ± 6.1

0.079

Heart rate [beats/min]

72.2 ± 14.8

70.8 ± 13.3

71.4 ± 13.8

0.626

6-MWD [m]

396.7 ± 104.3

301.0 ± 110.2

334.4 ± 117.0

<0.001

GFR [mL/min/1.73m2]

64.9 ± 22.7

59.10 ± 17.4

61.0 ± 19.5

0.142

NT-proBNP [pg/ml]

1363.8 ± 2127.4

2252.1 ± 3746.1

1934.8 ± 3278.6

0.171

NYHA

   

0.081

II [%]

41.0

23.2

29.6

 

III [%]

56.4

66.7

63.0

 

IV [%]

2.6

10.1

7.4

 

Hemodynamic parameters

mPAP [mmHg]

23.9 ± 3.6

39.1 ± 8.0

33.7 ± 10.0

<0.001

sPAP [mmHg]

36.7 ± 6.1

61.5 ± 15.4

52.6 ± 17.5

<0.001

dPAP [mmHg]

15.9 ± 4.0

25.3 ± 6.2

21.9 ± 7.1

<0.001

PAWP [mmHg]

15.5 ± 3.3

22.1 ± 4.3

19.7 ± 5.1

<0.001

LVEDP [mmHg]

16.1 ± 4.6

22.4 ± 6.0

20.3 ± 6.3

<0.001

PVR [dyne*sec/cm5]

134.8 ± 67.4

276.9 ± 125.1

226.5 ± 127.7

<0.001

PAC [ml/mmHg]

3.9 ± 2.1

2.3 ± 0.9

2.9 ± 1.7

<0.001

CO [l/min]

5.3 ± 1.5

5.2 ± 1.2

5.2 ± 1.3

0.829

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging parameters

LV EDD [mm]

46.5 ± 4.7

47.8 ± 6.3

47.3 ± 5.8

0.259

LV EDV [ml]

117.7 ± 33.5

133.5 ± 52.6

127.9 ± 47.1

0.057

LV EDVi [ml/m2]

62.4 ± 18.4

68.3 ± 23.7

66.2 ± 22.0

0.160

LV EF [%]

62.7 ± 10.6

63.3 ± 11.9

63.1 ± 11.4

0.813

LV mass [g]

108.4 ± 37.6

117.5 ± 36.1

113.0 ± 36.8

0.250

IVS [mm]

11.5 ± 2.6

11.6 ± 2.2

11.5 ± 2.3

0.924

LA diameter [mm]

62.9 ± 8.7

66.7 ± 9.3

65.3 ± 9.2

0.035

LA area [cm2]

28.3 ± 6.8

33.5 ± 10.2

31.6 ± 9.4

0.005

RV EDD [mm]

38.9 ± 5.9

40.8 ± 8.1

40.1 ± 7.4

0.193

RV EDV [ml]

143.4 ± 39.6

160.0 ± 67.1

151.3 ± 51.7

0.109

RV EDVi [ml/m2]

76.1 ± 20.7

80.5 ± 29.2

78.9 ± 26.4

0.453

RV EF [%]

50.9 ± 9.1

52.5 ± 11.3

51.9 ± 10.6

0.452

RA diameter [mm]

63.5 ± 8.7

66.7 ± 8.9

65.5 ± 9.0

0.072

RA area [cm2]

28.3 ± 8.9

30.5 ± 8.8

29.7 ± 8.9

0.221

LGE present [%]

25.0

34.8

31.2

0.288

Amount of LGE*** [%]

6.8 ± 2.7

9.6 ± 4.7

8.8 ± 4.3

0.093

Subendocardial [%]

0

5.8

3.7

0.294**

Midmyocardial [%]

2.5

10.1

7.3

0.254**

RV insertion point [%]

22.5

18.8

20.2

0.646

  1. BSA indicates body surface area, AFib atrial fibrillation, CAD coronary artery disease, BMI body mass index, 6-MWD six minute walk distance, GFR glomerular filtration rate, NYHA New York Heart Association functional class, mPAP mean pulmonary artery pressure, sPAP systolic pulmonary artery pressure, dPAP diastolic pulmonary artery pressure, PAWP pulmonary artery wedge pressure, LVEDP left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, PVR pulmonary vascular resistance, PAC Pulmonary artery compliance, CO cardiac output, LV left ventricle, EDD end-diastolic diameter, EDV end-diastolic volume, i indexed to body surface area, EF ejection fraction, IVS interventricular septum thickness, LA left atrium, RV right ventricle, RA right atrium, LGE Late Gadolinium Enhancement
  2. *non-significant coronary artery disease or prior revascularization
  3. ** p-values derive from Fisher’s exact test
  4. ***Amount of Late Gadolinium Enhancement is given in % of total left ventricular volume
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