Table 1 Characteristics of study participants
Characteristics of patients | Group 1 (20–39y.) n = 43 | Group 2 (40–59y.) n = 44 | Group 3 (60–80y.) n = 39 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years(±SD) | 30.07 (±5.4) | 50.43 (±5.5) | 68.95 (±5.2) | <0.001* |
Female, n(%) | 19 (44.2) | 24 (54.6) | 21 (53.9) | 0.564 |
Hypertension, n(%) | 1 (2.3) | 7 (16.3) | 13 (33.3) | <0.001* |
Hypercholesterolemia, n(%) | 1 (2.3) | 9 (20.5) | 11 (28.2) | 0.005* |
Diabetes, n(%) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.3) | 1 (2.6) | 0.587 |
Smoker, n(%) | 11 (25.6) | 6 (13.6) | 5 (12.8) | 0.223 |
BMI, 1(±SD) | 24.02 (±4.0) | 26.03 (±4.4) | 24.31 (±3.8) | 0.051 |
Prior stroke, n(%) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (4.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0.151 |
Coronary heart disease, n(%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (5.1) | 0.104 |
Peripheral arterial disease, n(%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | – |
Mean systolic BP, mmHg(±SD) | 120.63 (±11.1) | 126 (±15.7) | 133.78 (±19.2) | <0.001* |
Mean diastolic BP, mmHg(±SD) | 76.53 (±7.0) | 81.88 (±8.3) | 81.09 (±11.4) | 0.014* |
Heart rate, bpm(±SD) | 67.16 (±7.9) | 65.55 (±7.7) | 66.1 (±9.1) | 0.655 |
Ejection fraction, %(±SD) | 56.6 (±20.7) | 57.6 (±19.2) | 53.6 (±22.5) | 0.669 |
PI grade I, n(%) | 3 (7.0) | 1 (2.3) | 1 (2.6) | 0.246 |
PI grade II- IV, n(%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | – |
RVSP, mmHg(±SD) | 15.82 (±2.4) | 18.22 (±4.8) | 22.05 (±5.7) | <0.001* |
TAPSE, mm(±SD) | 22.93 (±4.1) | 22.56 (±3.3) | 23.06 (±3.7) | 0.906 |
TDI, cm/s(%) | 15.46 (±2.9) | 15.53 (±1.8) | 15.82 (±1.8) | 0.592 |