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Table 1 Demographic, clinical, hemodynamic and cardiac magnetic resonance data according to the presence of pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular ejection fraction

From: Characterization and clinical significance of right ventricular mechanics in pulmonary hypertension evaluated with cardiovascular magnetic resonance feature tracking

Variable

Total (nā€‰=ā€‰110)

Group A (No PH and RVEF ā‰„50Ā %) (nā€‰=ā€‰17)

Group B (PH and RVEF ā‰„50Ā %) (nā€‰=ā€‰26)

Group C (PH and RVEFā€‰<ā€‰50Ā %) (nā€‰=ā€‰67)

P

Demographic data

ā€ƒAge (yrs)

52.2ā€‰Ā±ā€‰12

52.6ā€‰Ā±ā€‰13

55ā€‰Ā±ā€‰12

51ā€‰Ā±ā€‰12

0.37

ā€ƒFemale sex

81 (73.6Ā %)

15 (88.2Ā %)

22 (84.6Ā %)

44 (65.7Ā %)

0.06

ā€ƒBody surface area (m2)

1.79ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.23

1.74ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.17

1.76ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.23

1.8ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.24

0.369

Cardiovascular risk factors

ā€ƒDiabetes

12 (10.9Ā %)

0

4 (15.4Ā %)

8 (11.9Ā %)

0.26

ā€ƒHypertension

24 (21.8Ā %)

3 (17.6Ā %)

8 (30.8Ā %)

13 (19.4Ā %)

0.44

ā€ƒHyperlipidemia

17 (15.5Ā %)

3 (17.6Ā %)

4 (15.4Ā %)

10 (14.9Ā %)

0.96

ā€ƒSmoking history

8 (7.3Ā %)

0

3 (11.5Ā %)

5 (7.5Ā %)

0.24

Medications

ā€ƒBeta blockers

14 (12.7Ā %)

1 (5.8Ā %)

2 (8Ā %)

11 (18Ā %)

0.12

ā€ƒCalcium channel blockers

34 (30.9Ā %)

0

16 (61.5Ā %)

18 (26.9Ā %)

<0.001** ŧ

ā€ƒDiuretics

66 (60Ā %)

2 (13.3Ā %)

13 (52Ā %)

51 (83.6Ā %)

<0.001** ŧ&

ā€ƒAnticoagulants

38 (34.5Ā %)

2 (11.7Ā %)

8 (30.7Ā %)

28 (41.7Ā %)

0.053&

ā€ƒERAs

31 (28.2Ā %)

0

4 (15.7Ā %)

27 (40.2Ā %)

<0.001ŧ&

ā€ƒProstanoids

34 (30.9Ā %)

0

8 (30.7Ā %)

26 (38.8Ā %)

0.03&

ā€ƒPDIs

48 (43.6Ā %)

0

11 (42.3Ā %)

37 (55.2Ā %)

<0.001**&

ā€ƒDigoxin

38 (34.5Ā %)

2 (11.7Ā %)

4 (15.4Ā %)

32 (47.7Ā %)

0.001ŧ &

ā€ƒCorticosteroids

25 (22.7Ā %)

2 (11.7Ā %)

4 (15.4Ā %)

19 (28.3Ā %)

0.201

NYHA functional class ā‰„2

90 (81.8Ā %)

2 (11.7Ā %)

22 (84.6Ā %)

62 (92.5Ā %)

<0.001**&

Hemodynamic data

ā€ƒSystolic aortic pressure (mm Hg)

122.1ā€‰Ā±ā€‰19

122.7ā€‰Ā±ā€‰20.3

132ā€‰Ā±ā€‰19.2

118.2ā€‰Ā±ā€‰18.1

0.009ŧ

ā€ƒPAWP (mm Hg)

9.8ā€‰Ā±ā€‰4.1

8.5ā€‰Ā±ā€‰2.8

11.5ā€‰Ā±ā€‰4.7

9.55ā€‰Ā±ā€‰4

0.05

ā€ƒCardiac index (L/min/m2)

3.2ā€‰Ā±ā€‰1.1

3.71ā€‰Ā±ā€‰1

3.77ā€‰Ā±ā€‰1.5

2.91ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.9

0.001ŧ&

ā€ƒSystolic PA pressure (mm Hg)

63.6ā€‰Ā±ā€‰24.7

29.6ā€‰Ā±ā€‰3.8

50.8ā€‰Ā±ā€‰13.1

72.1ā€‰Ā±ā€‰27.9

<0.001&

ā€ƒMean PA pressure (mm Hg)

39.6ā€‰Ā±ā€‰14.9

17.1ā€‰Ā±ā€‰3.3

36.3ā€‰Ā±ā€‰10.6

46.6ā€‰Ā±ā€‰11.7

<0.001**ŧ&

ā€ƒRA pressure (mm Hg)

6 [23.1ā€“35.6]

4 [3ā€“6]

6 [4ā€“10]

7 [5ā€“14]

0.006**&

ā€ƒPVRI (Woods unitsā€‰Ć—ā€‰m2)

5.8 [2.7ā€“9.3]

1.8 [1.2ā€“2.4]

4 [2.1ā€“8]

6.9 [5ā€“10.4]

<0.001**ŧ&

ā€ƒPA oxygen saturation (%)

64.7ā€‰Ā±ā€‰10.97

72.6ā€‰Ā±ā€‰4.8

68.6ā€‰Ā±ā€‰6.9

61.1ā€‰Ā±ā€‰11.8

<0.001ŧ&

Cardiac magnetic resonance

ā€ƒLVEF (%)

58.9ā€‰Ā±ā€‰9.8

63.3ā€‰Ā±ā€‰6

64.6ā€‰Ā±ā€‰5.2

55.5ā€‰Ā±ā€‰10.5

<0.001ŧ&

ā€ƒLVEDVi (mL/m2)

66.6ā€‰Ā±ā€‰17.4

69ā€‰Ā±ā€‰12.5

73ā€‰Ā±ā€‰25

63ā€‰Ā±ā€‰18.5

0.07

ā€ƒLVESVi (mL/m2)

27.6ā€‰Ā±ā€‰9.9

25.3ā€‰Ā±ā€‰6.6

26.1ā€‰Ā±ā€‰7

28.2ā€‰Ā±ā€‰11.3

0.30

ā€ƒRVEF (%)

42.15ā€‰Ā±ā€‰13.7

57.5ā€‰Ā±ā€‰4.6

55.2ā€‰Ā±ā€‰4.8

33.1ā€‰Ā±ā€‰9.4

<0.001ŧ&

ā€ƒRVEDVi (mL/m2)

98.8 [75.3ā€“127]

73.1 [57.6ā€“81.1]

85.4 [71.7ā€“99]

116.4 [98ā€“156]

<0.001**ŧ&

ā€ƒRVESVi (mL/m2)

56 [36.9ā€“87.3]

28.7 [23.1ā€“35.6]

39.6 [33.8ā€“47.9]

78.6 [56.1ā€“103]

<0.001**ŧ&

ā€ƒRV mass index (g/m2)*

25 [17.4ā€“33]

15.5 [13.4ā€“17.4]

18.8 [14.1ā€“24.3]

30.2 [23.7ā€“35.6]

<0.001**ŧ &

ā€ƒLGE

44 (40Ā %)

1 (5.9Ā %)

3 (11.5Ā %)

38 (56.7Ā %)

<0.001ŧ&

ā€ƒRA area (mm2)

24.54ā€‰Ā±ā€‰8.9

17.9ā€‰Ā±ā€‰3.3

21.9ā€‰Ā±ā€‰7

27.1ā€‰Ā±ā€‰9.5

0.001ŧ&

Clinical outcomes

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒDeath/transplant/worse NYHA class

78 (70.9Ā %)

4 (23.5Ā %)

12 (46.1Ā %)

62 (92.5Ā %)

<0.001ŧ&

  1. Values are meanā€‰Ā±ā€‰standard deviation, n (%), or median [interquartile range]
  2. ERA endothelin receptor antagonist, LGE late gadolinium enhancement, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEDVi left ventricular end-diastolic volume index, LVESVi left ventricular end-systolic volume index, NYHA New York Heart Association, PA pulmonary artery, PAWP pulmonary artery wedge pressure, PDI phosphodiesterase inhibitor, PVRI pulmonary vascular resistance index, RA right atrium, RVEDVi right ventricular end-diastolic volume index, RVEF right ventricular ejection fraction, RVESVi right ventricular end-systolic volume index
  3. **Statistically significant differences between group A (control group) and group B
  4. ŧ Statistically significant differences between group B and group C
  5. & Statistically significant differences between group A and group C