Variable | Total (nā=ā110) | Group A (No PH and RVEF ā„50Ā %) (nā=ā17) | Group B (PH and RVEF ā„50Ā %) (nā=ā26) | Group C (PH and RVEFā<ā50Ā %) (nā=ā67) | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic data | |||||
āAge (yrs) | 52.2āĀ±ā12 | 52.6āĀ±ā13 | 55āĀ±ā12 | 51āĀ±ā12 | 0.37 |
āFemale sex | 81 (73.6Ā %) | 15 (88.2Ā %) | 22 (84.6Ā %) | 44 (65.7Ā %) | 0.06 |
āBody surface area (m2) | 1.79āĀ±ā0.23 | 1.74āĀ±ā0.17 | 1.76āĀ±ā0.23 | 1.8āĀ±ā0.24 | 0.369 |
Cardiovascular risk factors | |||||
āDiabetes | 12 (10.9Ā %) | 0 | 4 (15.4Ā %) | 8 (11.9Ā %) | 0.26 |
āHypertension | 24 (21.8Ā %) | 3 (17.6Ā %) | 8 (30.8Ā %) | 13 (19.4Ā %) | 0.44 |
āHyperlipidemia | 17 (15.5Ā %) | 3 (17.6Ā %) | 4 (15.4Ā %) | 10 (14.9Ā %) | 0.96 |
āSmoking history | 8 (7.3Ā %) | 0 | 3 (11.5Ā %) | 5 (7.5Ā %) | 0.24 |
Medications | |||||
āBeta blockers | 14 (12.7Ā %) | 1 (5.8Ā %) | 2 (8Ā %) | 11 (18Ā %) | 0.12 |
āCalcium channel blockers | 34 (30.9Ā %) | 0 | 16 (61.5Ā %) | 18 (26.9Ā %) | <0.001** ŧ |
āDiuretics | 66 (60Ā %) | 2 (13.3Ā %) | 13 (52Ā %) | 51 (83.6Ā %) | <0.001** ŧ& |
āAnticoagulants | 38 (34.5Ā %) | 2 (11.7Ā %) | 8 (30.7Ā %) | 28 (41.7Ā %) | 0.053& |
āERAs | 31 (28.2Ā %) | 0 | 4 (15.7Ā %) | 27 (40.2Ā %) | <0.001ŧ& |
āProstanoids | 34 (30.9Ā %) | 0 | 8 (30.7Ā %) | 26 (38.8Ā %) | 0.03& |
āPDIs | 48 (43.6Ā %) | 0 | 11 (42.3Ā %) | 37 (55.2Ā %) | <0.001**& |
āDigoxin | 38 (34.5Ā %) | 2 (11.7Ā %) | 4 (15.4Ā %) | 32 (47.7Ā %) | 0.001ŧ & |
āCorticosteroids | 25 (22.7Ā %) | 2 (11.7Ā %) | 4 (15.4Ā %) | 19 (28.3Ā %) | 0.201 |
NYHA functional class ā„2 | 90 (81.8Ā %) | 2 (11.7Ā %) | 22 (84.6Ā %) | 62 (92.5Ā %) | <0.001**& |
Hemodynamic data | |||||
āSystolic aortic pressure (mm Hg) | 122.1āĀ±ā19 | 122.7āĀ±ā20.3 | 132āĀ±ā19.2 | 118.2āĀ±ā18.1 | 0.009ŧ |
āPAWP (mm Hg) | 9.8āĀ±ā4.1 | 8.5āĀ±ā2.8 | 11.5āĀ±ā4.7 | 9.55āĀ±ā4 | 0.05 |
āCardiac index (L/min/m2) | 3.2āĀ±ā1.1 | 3.71āĀ±ā1 | 3.77āĀ±ā1.5 | 2.91āĀ±ā0.9 | 0.001ŧ& |
āSystolic PA pressure (mm Hg) | 63.6āĀ±ā24.7 | 29.6āĀ±ā3.8 | 50.8āĀ±ā13.1 | 72.1āĀ±ā27.9 | <0.001& |
āMean PA pressure (mm Hg) | 39.6āĀ±ā14.9 | 17.1āĀ±ā3.3 | 36.3āĀ±ā10.6 | 46.6āĀ±ā11.7 | <0.001**ŧ& |
āRA pressure (mm Hg) | 6 [23.1ā35.6] | 4 [3ā6] | 6 [4ā10] | 7 [5ā14] | 0.006**& |
āPVRI (Woods unitsāĆām2) | 5.8 [2.7ā9.3] | 1.8 [1.2ā2.4] | 4 [2.1ā8] | 6.9 [5ā10.4] | <0.001**ŧ& |
āPA oxygen saturation (%) | 64.7āĀ±ā10.97 | 72.6āĀ±ā4.8 | 68.6āĀ±ā6.9 | 61.1āĀ±ā11.8 | <0.001ŧ& |
Cardiac magnetic resonance | |||||
āLVEF (%) | 58.9āĀ±ā9.8 | 63.3āĀ±ā6 | 64.6āĀ±ā5.2 | 55.5āĀ±ā10.5 | <0.001ŧ& |
āLVEDVi (mL/m2) | 66.6āĀ±ā17.4 | 69āĀ±ā12.5 | 73āĀ±ā25 | 63āĀ±ā18.5 | 0.07 |
āLVESVi (mL/m2) | 27.6āĀ±ā9.9 | 25.3āĀ±ā6.6 | 26.1āĀ±ā7 | 28.2āĀ±ā11.3 | 0.30 |
āRVEF (%) | 42.15āĀ±ā13.7 | 57.5āĀ±ā4.6 | 55.2āĀ±ā4.8 | 33.1āĀ±ā9.4 | <0.001ŧ& |
āRVEDVi (mL/m2) | 98.8 [75.3ā127] | 73.1 [57.6ā81.1] | 85.4 [71.7ā99] | 116.4 [98ā156] | <0.001**ŧ& |
āRVESVi (mL/m2) | 56 [36.9ā87.3] | 28.7 [23.1ā35.6] | 39.6 [33.8ā47.9] | 78.6 [56.1ā103] | <0.001**ŧ& |
āRV mass index (g/m2)* | 25 [17.4ā33] | 15.5 [13.4ā17.4] | 18.8 [14.1ā24.3] | 30.2 [23.7ā35.6] | <0.001**ŧ & |
āLGE | 44 (40Ā %) | 1 (5.9Ā %) | 3 (11.5Ā %) | 38 (56.7Ā %) | <0.001ŧ& |
āRA area (mm2) | 24.54āĀ±ā8.9 | 17.9āĀ±ā3.3 | 21.9āĀ±ā7 | 27.1āĀ±ā9.5 | 0.001ŧ& |
Clinical outcomes | Ā | Ā | Ā | Ā | Ā |
āDeath/transplant/worse NYHA class | 78 (70.9Ā %) | 4 (23.5Ā %) | 12 (46.1Ā %) | 62 (92.5Ā %) | <0.001ŧ& |