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Table 2 Results from CMR and echocardiography

From: Increased left ventricular myocardial extracellular volume is associated with longer cardiopulmonary bypass times, biventricular enlargement and reduced exercise tolerance in children after repair of Tetralogy of Fallot

 

Patients (n = 31)

Controls (n = 15)

p

CMR

 Ventricular volumetry and pulmonary flow

  RV enddiastolic volume [ml/m2]

148 ± 40

93 ± 13

<0.001

  RV endsystolic volume [ml/m2]

75 ± 23

43 ± 8

<0.001

  RV muscle mass [g/m2]

39.4 ± 9.4

n.a.

n.a.

  RV ejection fraction [%]

50 ± 5

53 ± 3

<0.05

  LV enddiastolic volume [ml/m2]

91 ± 12

89 ± 11

0.50

  LV endsystolic volume [ml/m2]

41 ± 8

36 ± 6

<0.05

  LV muscle mass [g/m2]

46 ± 7

49 ± 9

0.29

  LV ejection fraction [%]

55 ± 6

59 ± 4

<0.01

  Pulmonary regurgitation [%]

33 ± 16

n.a.

n.a.

 Z-Scores

  RV enddiastolic volume

3.42 (1.52–5.29)

−0.11 (−1.17–0.68)

<0.001

  RV endsystolic volume

3.65 (1.52–4.51)

−0.05 (−0.33–0.98)

<0.001

  RV ejection fraction

−1.52 (−2.23– −0.69)

−1.04 (−1.29– −0.39)

<0.05

  LV enddiastolic volume

0.62 ( −0.10–1.36)

0.41 (−0.55–1.59)

0.60

  LV endsystolic volume

1.57 (−0.75–2.30)

1.08 (−0.31–1.65)

<0.05

  LV muscle mass

−1.89 (−2.90– −0.94)

−0.96 (−2.43–0.36)

0.24

  LV ejection fraction

−1.29 (−2.51– −0.80)

−0.32 (−1.41–0.41)

<0.01

Echocardiography

 RVSP [mmHg], n = 19

44 ± 15

n.a.

n.a.

 RVOT-gradient [mmHg], n = 29

32 ± 18

n.a.

n.a.

 TAPSE [mm], n = 19

16.5 ± 3.5

n.a.

n.a.

 Grade of tricuspid insufficiency [n (%)]

 

n.a.

n.a.

  Trivial

  Mild

17 (55 %)

14 (45 %)

  
  1. Data are given as mean ± standard deviation, median (and interquartile range), or frequencies, as appropriate
  2. Abbreviations: LV left ventricle, PT pulmonary trunk, RV right ventricle, RVOT right ventricular outflow tract, RVSP right ventricular systolic pressure, TAPSE tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion