Fig. 3

Phantom validation in ¹H gel phantom around water pipe with mean flow velocity of 48 cm/s. (top row) Images acquired using a conventional single-pulse excitation (left), the proposed velocity-selective binomial excitation at nominal encoding strength (center) and half the nominal encoding velocity (right). (bottom) Measured vs. simulated signal intensities in static and flow compartments for varying velocity encodings. Data points corresponding to the top images are highlighted in dashed circles. Measured signal intensities overall match the predictions with maximum deviations of 20%. At nominal velocity encoding, residual signal stems from the low velocity regime at the boundary of the tube (see also Fig. 4). Encoding with half the nominal velocity restores most of the signal due to an accumulated phase of 2π. Deviations from nominal velocity and stronger T₂* weighting for smaller v_enc values prohibit perfect recovery of magnetization in measurements