All (n = 180) | Male (n = 91) | Female (n = 89) | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Clinical parameters | ||||
Age, years | 46.0 [34.0, 56.0] | 44.0 [35.0, 55.5] | 46.0 [33.0, 57.0] | 0.822 |
Height, m | 1.65 ± 0.09 | 1.72 ± 0.07 | 1.58 ± 0.06 | <0.001 |
Weight, kg | 60.8 [53.5, 75.0] | 73.0 [63.2, 81.3] | 54.8 [48.8, 58.7] | <0.001 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 22.7 [20.9, 25.4] | 24.6 [22.3, 26.1] | 21.5 [20.3, 23.1] | <0.001 |
Body surface area, m2 | 1.66 [1.55, 1.88] | 1.87 [1.71, 1.95] | 1.55 [1.47, 1.62] | <0.001 |
Heart rate, beats per min | 75 [67, 83] | 75 [67, 84] | 75 [67, 82] | 0.483 |
Systolic BP, mmHg | 130 ± 16 | 137 ± 14 | 123 ± 14 | <0.001 |
Diastolic BP, mmHg | 79 ± 11 | 84 ± 10 | 74 ± 9 | <0.001 |
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance | ||||
LV EDV, mL | 124 [108, 148] | 144 [125, 161] | 109 [95, 122] | <0.001 |
LV ESV, mL | 50 [41, 61] | 59 [51, 69] | 41 [34, 48] | <0.001 |
LV SV, mL | 74 [65, 87] | 83 [72, 95] | 66 [61, 74] | <0.001 |
LV mass, g | 76 ± 22 | 93 ± 16 | 58 ± 10 | <0.001 |
Mass/EDV ratio | 0.59 ± 0.11 | 0.64 ± 0.10 | 0.54 ± 0.09 | <0.001 |
LA volume, mL | 85 ± 20 | 91 ± 19 | 80 ± 19 | <0.001 |
LVEF, % | 60 ± 5 | 58 ± 5 | 62 ± 5 | <0.001 |
Indexed LV EDV, mL/m2 | 74 [67, 82] | 79 [72, 86] | 70 [65, 78] | <0.001 |
Indexed LV ESV, mL/m2 | 30 [25, 33] | 32 [29, 36] | 26 [24, 31] | <0.001 |
Indexed LV SV, mL/m2 | 44 [41, 50] | 46 [41, 51] | 43 [40, 49] | 0.077 |
Indexed LV mass, g/m2 | 44 ± 9 | 50 ± 7 | 38 ± 5 | <0.001 |
Indexed LA volume, mL/m2 | 50 ± 10 | 49 ± 10 | 51 ± 11 | 0.240 |
LV Trabeculation | ||||
Global FD | 1.205 ± 0.031 | 1.216 ± 0.029 | 1.195 ± 0.029 | <0.001 |
Mean apical FD | 1.216 ± 0.046 | 1.235 ± 0.040 | 1.197 ± 0.044 | <0.001 |
Maximal apical FD | 1.278 ± 0.045 | 1.293 ± 0.039 | 1.261 ± 0.045 | <0.001 |
NC/C ratio (ED, LAX) | 1.72 [1.60, 1.84] | 1.72 [1.57, 1.86] | 1.71 [1.61, 1.81] | 0.749 |
LV Global strain | ||||
Circumferential, % | −21.2 ± 2.8 | −19.6 ± 2.1 | −22.7 ± 2.6 | <0.001 |
Radial, % | 48.3 ± 10.9 | 42.7 ± 8.1 | 53.9 ± 10.5 | <0.001 |
Longitudinal, % | −19.8 ± 2.7 | −18.5 ± 2.1 | −21.4 ± 2.7 | <0.001 |
LV Global strain rate (Systolic) | ||||
Circumferential, 1/s | −1.14 ± 0.36 | −1.15 ± 0.26 | −1.12 ± 0.44 | 0.481 |
Radial, 1/s | 2.80 ± 1.05 | 2.58 ± 0.97 | 3.01 ± 1.09 | 0.001 |
Longitudinal, 1/s | −1.15 ± 0.25 | −1.09 ± 0.21 | −1.21 ± 0.27 | 0.001 |
LV Global strain rate (Diastolic) | ||||
Circumferential, 1/s | 1.42 ± 0.34 | 1.30 ± 0.34 | 1.55 ± 0.30 | <0.001 |
Radial, 1/s | −3.43 ± 1.04 | −2.99 ± 0.94 | −3.88 ± 0.93 | <0.001 |
Longitudinal, 1/s | 1.28 ± 0.32 | 1.17 ± 0.28 | 1.40 ± 0.31 | <0.001 |