Fractal analysis of left ventricular trabeculations is associated with impaired myocardial deformation in healthy Chinese

Table 2 Reference ranges in males

Males	All (n = 91)	20 to 29 (n = 19)			30 to 39 (n = 17)			40 to 49 (n = 19)			50 to 59 (n = 20)			60 to 69 (n = 16)
Males	Mean ± SD	Lower	Mean	Upper	Lower	Mean	Upper	Lower	Mean	Upper	Lower	Mean	Upper	Lower	Mean	Upper
LV Trabeculation
Global FD	1.216 ± 0.029	1.141, 1.156	1.199	1.243, 1.257	1.148, 1.163	1.206	1.250, 1.264	1.155, 1.169	1.213	1.256, 1.271	1.161, 1.176	1.220	1.263, 1.284	1.168, 1.183	1.226	1.270, 1.284
Mean Apical FD	1.235 ± 0.040	1.147, 1.167	1.226	1.286, 1.306	1.150, 1.170	1.230	1.290, 1.310	1.153, 1.173	1.233	1.293, 1.313	1.157, 1.177	1.236	1.296, 1.316	1.160, 1.180	1.240	1.300, 1.320
Max Apical FD	1.293 ± 0.039	1.209, 1.229	1.286	1.344, 1.363	1.212, 1.231	1.289	1.347, 1.366	1.215,1.234	1.292	1.350, 1.369	1.218, 1.237	1.295	1.353, 1.372	1.221, 1.240	1.298	1.356, 1.375
Global myocardial strain
Circumferential, %	−19.6 ± 2.1	−15.1, -16.2	−19.4	−22.5, -23.6	−15.2, -16.3	−19.4	−22.6, -23.7	−15.3, -16.4	−19.5	−22.7, -23.8	−15.4, -16.5	−19.6	−22.8, -23.9	−15.5, -16.6	−19.7	−22.9, -24.0
Radial, %	42.7 ± 8.1	24.5, 28.6	40.8	53.0, 57.1	25.3, 29.4	41.6	53.8, 57.9	26.1, 30.2	42.4	54.6, 58.7	26.9, 31.0	43.2	55.4, 59.5	27.7, 31.8	44.0	56.2, 60.3
Longitudinal, %	−18.4 ± 2.3	−14.2, -15.2	−18.4	−21.5, -22.6	−14.3, -15.3	−18.4	−21.6, -22.6	−14.3, -15.4	−18.5	−21.6, -22.7	−14.4, -15.4	−18.6	−21.7, -22.7	−14.5, -15.5	−18.6	−21.8, −22.8

Upper and lower limits reflect indeterminate regions (95% CIs of reference limits)

ISSN: 1532-429X