Non-invasive differentiation of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy with cardiac involvement from acute viral myocarditis using cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging T1 and T2 mapping

Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of the Study Population

	Healthy controls (n = 20)	Acute viral myocarditis (n = 20)	IIM with inflammatory myocarditis (n = 20)	p - value
Age, years	47 ± 12	35 ± 13*	54 ± 18	< 0.001
Male / Female	9 / 11	16 / 4*	9 / 11	0.048
BMI, kg/m²	25 ± 4	24 ± 6	22 ± 3	0.286
Heart failure	0 (0%)	2 (10%)	1 (5%)	> 0.999
Atrial fibrillation or AV block	0 (0%)	4 (20%)	5 (25%)*	0.725
Significant valvulopathy	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
Dyspnea	0 (0%)	2 (10%)	6 (30%)*	0.235
Chest pain	0 (0%)	19 (95%)*	2 (10%)	< 0.001
Dysphagia	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	2 (10%)	0.487
Myalgia	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	7 (35%)*	0.008
Muscle weakness	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	19 (95%)*	< 0.001
Arterial hypertension	0 (0%)	3 (15%)	3 (15%)
Dyslipidemia	0 (0%)	2 (10%)	5 (25%)	0.408
Diabetes	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	2 (10%)	0.487
Immunosuppressive treatment	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	20 (100%)*	< 0.001
Duration of disease, months	0 ± 0	0.17 ± 0.13	57 ± 53	0.001
NT-proBNP, pg/ml	N/A	1636 ± 3800	699 ± 1226	0.077
Troponin T, ng/ml	N/A	647 ± 610	583 ± 651	0.507
CPK, IU/l	N/A	256 ± 197	2438 ± 3547	0.001
Hematocrit, %	42 ± 3	38 ± 5*	40 ± 3	0.554
Creatinine, μmol/l	82 ± 14	86 ± 53	50 ± 20*	< 0.001
CRP mg/l	1.3 ± 1.3	36 ± 54*	15 ± 25*	0.093

Values are mean ± SD or n (%). *p < .05 compared to controls, p-values of the direct comparison between acute viral myocarditis and IIM myocarditis are shown in the last column, using Mann-Whitney U or Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate
AV atrio-ventricular, IIM idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, BMI body-mass-index, CPK creatine phosphokinase, CRP c-reactive protein, NT-proBNP N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide

ISSN: 1532-429X