A comprehensive characterization of myocardial and vascular phenotype in pediatric chronic kidney disease using cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging

Table 1 Demographics and Baseline Characteristics of study population

	Healthy Controls (n = 20)	Mild CKD (n = 40)	Moderate CKD (n = 40)	Severe CKD (n = 20)	P-value
Age (years)^a	12 ± 1.3	11 ± 1.3	12 ± 1.3	13 ± 1.3	0.12
Sex (% male)	40%	38%	23%	45%	0.42
Height (cm)	162 ± 18	150 ± 17	152 ± 18	151 ± 18	0.075
Weight (kg)^a	53 ± 1.4	43 ± 1.5	45 ± 1.5	44 ± 1.4	0.22
Body Mass Index (kg/m²)^a	20 ± 1.1	19 ± 1.2	20 ± 1.2	20 ± 1.1	0.77
Body Surface Area (m²)	1.6 ± 0.32	1.4 ± 0 .33	1.4 ± 0.35	1.4 ± 0.3	0.16
Hemoglobin (g/L)		132 ± 13	133 ± 16	128 ± 11	0.57
Urea (mmol/L)		5.4 ± 1.2	8.6 ± 2.5	18.0 ± 5.2	< 0.001^†
Creatinine (umol/L)^a		68 ± 1.2	117 ± 1.2	305 ± 1.4	< 0.001^†
eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m²)		79 ± 8.8	48 ± 8.4	19 ± 6.5	< 0.001
Calcium-Phosphate product (mmol²/L²)		3.4 ± 0.45	3.4 ± 0.39	3.5 ± 0.56	0.40
Intact parathyroid hormone (pmol/L)^a		3.5 ± 3.2	3.7 ± 2.4	8.5 ± 2.4	0.011
Urine Albumin/ Creatinine Ratio (mg/mmol)^a		4.7 ± 3.7	22 ± 6.2	261 ± 2.5	< 0.001
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor		28%	40%	15%	0.13
Calcium Channel Blocker		5%	13%	15%	0.38
Beta-Blocker		5%	5%	20%	0.09
Aldosterone antagonist (Spironolactone)		3%	0%	0%	0.47

Bonferroni correction applied- p < 0.003 is considered significant
Abbreviations: CKD chronic kidney disease, eGFR estimated globular filtration rate
^aLogarithmic transformation was applied
^†ANOVA Welch (W) test was used. 10% of CKD patients were on 2 or more anti-hypertensive agents

ISSN: 1532-429X