Fig. 2

Representative histological analysis of patients undergoing heart transplantation. The whole-heart tissue samples were stained with picrosirius red (red = collagen, yellow = myocytes). Examples show mild (a, collage volume fraction (CVF) = 12.0%), moderate (b, CVF = 26.3%) and extensive fibrosis (c, CVF = 43.2%). The total myocardial area (d) and collagen area marked with black (e) were calculated semi-automatically using Image-Pro Plus software. Panel (f) shows the red collagen alone. The CVF was defined as the percentage of collagen area divided by the total myocardial area