Fig. 1

Analysis planes and parameters calculated from 4D-flow CMR (a). Eight double-oblique analysis planes were equally distributed in the ascending aorta between the sinotubular junction and the origin of the brachiocephalic trunk (b). Velocity profiles, peak velocity, flow eccentricity and in-plane rotational flow were obtained at proximal, mid and distal ascending aorta. Systolic flow reversal ratio was measured at mid and distal ascending aorta. All the analyses planes were used to calculate WSS maps (c)