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Fig. 2 | Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance

Fig. 2

From: Two-center clinical validation and quantitative assessment of respiratory triggered retrospectively cardiac gated balanced-SSFP cine cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in adults

Fig. 2

Signal evolution in balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) cine sequences from simulation and healthy subject 3. a: Numerical simulation of the signal evolution of myocardium (T1 = 950 ms, T2 = 50 ms) and liver (T1 = 600 ms, T2 = 45 ms) with continuous radiofrequency (RF) excitation (flip angle = 65o; TE = 1.5 ms; TR = 3 ms) in bSSFP sequence. Magnetization steady state (MSS) is defined as the temporal marker for when the rate of change of magnetization between successive excitations is less than 0.5% (myocardium, n = 140; liver, n = 115, 1.25*M300). As shown, the initial magnetization level after the first excitation is 6 (liver) to 8 (myocardium) times higher than at n = 300. b: For cardiac-triggered (CT) sequence (red lines) in Volunteer 3, experimentally measured intensity normalized to the minimum signal intensity value (NI) across cardiac phases (reflecting the MSS of a given tissue) is shown for given regions of interest. The cardiac triggered sequence of the liver and myocardial tissues spans a large variation before reaching steady state, as predicted by theory. c: For conventional breath-hold (BH) sequence (green lines) in healthy subject 3, non-moving liver SI shows little variation from MSS, but a slight modulation of myocardial signal intensity is seen, especially during the systolic period because of through-plane motion when fresh spins move in and out of the slice of excitation. d: For respiratory-triggered (RT) sequence (blue lines) in healthy subject 3, liver and myocardial NI mimic the same pattern as conventional BH acquisitions

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