| HFpEF (n = 118) | Healthy Controls (n = 26) | P |
---|---|---|---|
Echocardiography | |||
 LV ejection fraction (%) | 64 ± 7 | 64 ± 5 | 0.93 |
 Transmitral peak E velocity max (m/s) | 91 ± 29 | 55 ± 9 | < 0.001 |
 Transmitral E deceleration time (ms) | 160 ± 62 | 197 ± 35 | 0.004 |
 E/e’ septal ratio | 18.1 ± 7.3 | 9.4 ± 1.7 | < 0.001 |
 RV/RA gradient (mmHg) | 32 ± 11 | 19 ± 5 | < 0.001 |
 RA volume index (ml/m2) | 35 ± 20 | 18 ± 5 | < 0.001 |
 RV fractional area change (%) | 41 ± 9 | 47 ± 8 | 0.008 |
 RV FAC ≤ 35% (n, %) | 32 (27) | 0 (0) | < 0.001 |
 TAPSE (mm) | 19 ± 5 | 24 ± 4 | < 0.001 |
 TAPSE≤16 mm (n, %) | 47 (40) | 1 (4) | < 0.001 |
Cardiac MR | |||
 LVM index (g/m2) | 68 ± 15 | 58 ± 12 | 0.003 |
 LV EDV index (ml/m2) | 73 ± 18 | 63 ± 11 | 0.006 |
 LVEF (%) | 63 ± 8 | 67 ± 5 | 0.024 |
 RV EDV index (ml/m2) | 82 ± 28 | 67 ± 11 | 0.005 |
 RVEF (%) | 57 ± 9 | 60 ± 6 | 0.052 |
 RVEF≤45% (n, %) | 16 (14) | 2 (8) | 0.41 |
 LV mass/volume ratio | 0.96 ± 0.20 | 0.94 ± 0.19 | 0.71 |
 LA volume index (ml) | 66 ± 29 | 32 ± 10 | < 0.001 |
 Myocardium native T1 time (ms) | 1109 ± 82 | 1144 ± 47 | 0.038 |
 Myocardium post contrast T1 time (ms) | 353 ± 56 | 381 ± 64 | 0,028 |
 ECV (%) | 32.9 ± 4.8 | 28.2 ± 2.4 | < 0.001 |
 Lambda coefficient | 0.52 ± 0.08 | 0.49 ± 0.05 | 0.051 |
 ECV ≥ 33% (n, %) | 49 (42) | 0 (0) | < 0.001 |
 Late gadolinium enhancement (n, %) | 26 (22) | 0 (0) | 0.022 |