Table 3 Baseline characteristics of HFpEF patients with ECV < or ≥ 33%
|  | HFpEF with ECV < 33% (n = 68) | HFpEF with ECV ≥ 33% (n = 49) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
Baseline characteristics | |||
 Age (years) | 78 ± 8 | 79 ± 9 | 0.49 |
 Body mass index (kg/m2) | 30 ± 7 | 28 ± 7 | 0.082 |
 Female (n, %) | 41 (60) | 33 (67) | 0.44 |
 Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 137 ± 21 | 135 ± 21 | 0.54 |
 Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 76 ± 12 | 74 ± 14 | 0.45 |
 NYHA functional class III-IV (n, %) | 28 (41) | 24 (49) | 0.57 |
Laboratory characteristics | |||
 eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 58 ± 20 | 60 ± 28 | 0.56 |
 Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 12.1 ± 1.8 | 11.3 ± 2.0 | 0.020 |
 NT-proBNP (pg/ml) | 1584[432; 34,306] £ | 1889 [374; 27,736] £ | 0.40 |
Medical history | |||
 Atrial fibrillation (n, %) | 42 (62) | 30 (61) | 0.90 |
 Ischemic cardiomyopathy (n, %) | 23 (34) | 16 (33) | 0.94 |
 Previous valvular surgery (n, %) | 8 (12) | 4 (8) | 0.76 |
Cardiovascular risk factors | |||
 Smoking (n, %) | 29 (43) | 18 (37) | 0.52 |
 Hypertension (n, %) | 64 (94) | 44 (92) | 0.37 |
 Diabetes (n, %) | 22 (33) | 24 (49) | 0.069 |
 Family history of cardiovascular disease (n, %) | 14 (21) | 10 (20) | 0.98 |
 Hypercholesterolemia (n, %) | 47 (70) | 30 (61) | 0.29 |
Echocardiography | |||
 Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) | 64 ± 7 | 63 ± 8 | 0.66 |
 Transmitral peak E velocity max (m/s) | 86 ± 29 | 98 ± 26 | 0.025 |
 Transmitral E deceleration time (ms) | 155 ± 62 | 167 ± 63 | 0.35 |
 E/e’ septal ratio | 16 ± 6 | 20 ± 8 | 0.004 |
 RV/RA gradient (mmHg) | 31 ± 11 | 34 ± 11 | 0.13 |
 RA volume index (ml/m2) | 34 ± 19 | 36 ± 22 | 0.75 |
 RV fractional area change (%) | 42 ± 8 | 42 ± 11 | 0.84 |
 TAPSE (mm) | 19 ± 5 | 18 ± 5 | 0.11 |
Cardiac MR | |||
 LVM index (g/m2) | 67 ± 14 | 66 ± 16 | 0.81 |
 LV EDV index (ml/m2) | 71 ± 16 | 72 ± 20 | 0.58 |
 LVEF (%) | 63 ± 8 | 63 ± 8 | 0.997 |
 RV EDV index (ml/m2) | 77 ± 22 | 86 ± 32 | 0.097 |
 RVEF (%) | 56 ± 7 | 56 ± 10 | 0.98 |
 RVEF≤45% (n, %) | 6 (9) | 10 (20) | 0.073 |
 LV mass/volume ratio | 0.97 ± 0.21 | 0.94 ± 0.19 | 0.43 |
 LA volume index (ml/m2) | 65 ± 29 | 68 ± 28 | 0.68 |
 Myocardium native T1 time (ms) | 1109 ± 83 | 1107 ± 82 | 0.88 |
 Myocardium post contrast T1 time (ms) | 362 ± 58 | 340 ± 52 | 0.036 |
 ECV (%) | 30.0 ± 2.2 | 37.0 ± 4.3 | < 0.001 |
 Lambda coefficient | 0.48 ± 0.05 | 0.57 ± 0.08 | < 0.001 |
 Late gadolinium enhancement | 13 (19) | 13 (28) | 0.29 |