Table 1 Description of all left ventricular (LV) kinetic energy (KE) flow parameters investigated in this study. In this study all primary KE parameters are indexed to LV end diastolic volume (EDV) and expressed as KEi_EDV

 LV KE^a

The average KE of the LV flow for the complete cardiac cycle.

 In-plane KE (%)

The proportion of in-plane KE of the LV, from the complete LV flow, for the complete cardiac cycle.

 Minimal KE^a

The minimal KE of the LV flow at any time point during the complete cardiac cycle.

 Systolic KE^a

The average KE of the LV flow during systole.

 Diastolic KE^a

The average KE of the LV flow during diastole.

 Peak E-wave KE^a

The peak KE of the LV flow during early diastolic filling.

 Peak A-wave KE^a

The peak KE of the LV flow during late diastolic filling.

 Time difference, TD

This is the time difference of peak E-wave flow KE from base to mid-ventricle.